In Vitro Study of Interleukin-6 when Used at Low Dose and Ultra-Low Dose in Micro-Immunotherapy.

As one of the major cytokines implicated in the orchestration of immune responses, interleukin 6 (IL-6) can either act as a pro- or an anti-inflammatory factor, depending on the micro-environment. In micro-immunotherapy (MI) medicines, IL-6 is employed at low doses (LD) and ultra-low doses (ULD), expressed in centesimal Hahnemannian (CH), and used alone or in combination with other immune regulators to modulate patients' immune responses. The present study focused on assessing the in vitro immune-modulatory effects of two IL-6-containing MI products: (i) the unitary IL-6 (4 CH) and (ii) the complex MI-medicine (MIM) 2LALERG, which includes IL-6 (17 CH) in association with other actives in its formulation.

A meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of Hounsfield units on computed topography relative to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in the spine surgery population.

Background: The preoperative identification of osteoporosis in the spine surgery population is of crucial importance. Limitations associated with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, such as access and reliability, have prompted the search for alternative methods to diagnose osteoporosis. The Hounsfield Unit(HU), a readily available measure on computed tomography, has garnered considerable attention in recent years as a potential diagnostic tool for reduced bone mineral density.

Loss of Adenylyl Cyclase 6 in Leptin Receptor-Expressing Stromal Cells Attenuates Loading-Induced Endosteal Bone Formation.

Bone marrow stromal/stem cells represent a quiescent cell population that replenish the osteoblast bone-forming cell pool with age and in response to injury, maintaining bone mass and repair. A potent mediator of stromal/stem cell differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo is physical loading, yet it still remains unclear whether loading-induced bone formation requires the osteogenic differentiation of these resident stromal/stem cells. Therefore, in this study, we utilized the leptin receptor (LepR) to identify and trace the contribution of bone marrow stromal cells to mechanoadaptation of bone in vivo.

Human bone marrow stem/stromal cell osteogenesis is regulated via mechanically activated osteocyte-derived extracellular vesicles.

Bone formation or regeneration requires the recruitment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of stem/stromal progenitor cells. A potent stimulus driving this process is mechanical loading. Osteocytes are mechanosensitive cells that play fundamental roles in coordinating loading-induced bone formation via the secretion of paracrine factors.

Utilizing Osteocyte Derived Factors to Enhance Cell Viability and Osteogenic Matrix Deposition within IPN Hydrogels.

Many bone defects arising due to traumatic injury, disease, or surgery are unable to regenerate, requiring intervention. More than four million graft procedures are performed each year to treat these defects making bone the second most commonly transplanted tissue worldwide. However, these types of graft suffer from a limited supply, a second surgical site, donor site morbidity, and pain.

Aged Osteoporotic Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Demonstrate Defective Recruitment, Mechanosensitivity, and Matrix Deposition.

Bone formation requires the replenishment of the osteoblast from a progenitor or stem cell population, which must be recruited, expanded, and differentiated to ensure continued anabolism. How this occurs and whether it is altered in the osteoporotic environment is poorly understood. Furthermore, given that emerging treatments for osteoporosis are targeting this progenitor population, it is critical to determine the regenerative capacity of this cell type in the setting of osteoporosis.

Physiological cyclic hydrostatic pressure induces osteogenic lineage commitment of human bone marrow stem cells: a systematic study.

Background: Physical loading is necessary to maintain bone tissue integrity. Loading-induced fluid shear is recognised as one of the most potent bone micromechanical cues and has been shown to direct stem cell osteogenesis. However, the effect of pressure transients, which drive fluid flow, on human bone marrow stem cell (hBMSC) osteogenesis is undetermined.

TRPV4-mediates oscillatory fluid shear mechanotransduction in mesenchymal stem cells in part via the primary cilium.

Skeletal homeostasis requires the continued replenishment of the bone forming osteoblast from a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) population, a process that has been shown to be mechanically regulated. However, the mechanisms by which a biophysical stimulus can induce a change in biochemical signaling, mechanotransduction, is poorly understood. As a precursor to loading-induced bone formation, deciphering the molecular mechanisms of MSC osteogenesis is a critical step in developing novel anabolic therapies.

Biomimetic Hyaluronic Acid-Lysozyme Composite Coating on AZ31 Mg Alloy with Combined Antibacterial and Osteoinductive Activities.

This study presents the covalent grafting of a hyaluronic acid-lysozyme (HA-LZ) composite onto corrosion-resistant silane-coated AZ31 Mg alloy via EDC-NHS coupling reactions. The HA-LZ composite coatings created a smooth and hydrophilic surface with the increased concentration of functional lysozyme complexed to the hyaluronic acid. This was confirmed by the measurement of AFM, water contact angle, and quantification of hyaluronic acid and lysozyme.

TGFβ1 - induced recruitment of human bone mesenchymal stem cells is mediated by the primary cilium in a SMAD3-dependent manner.

The recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a crucial process in the development, maintenance and repair of tissues throughout the body. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) is a potent chemokine essential for the recruitment of MSCs in bone, coupling the remodelling cycle. The primary cilium is a sensory organelle with important roles in bone and has been associated with cell migration and more recently TGFβ signalling.

PLGA-Based Nanoparticles: a Safe and Suitable Delivery Platform for Osteoarticular Pathologies.

Purpose: Despite the promising applications of PLGA based particles, studies examining the fate and consequences of these particles after intra-articular administration in the joint are scanty. This study was carried out to evaluate the neutrality of the unloaded delivery system on different articular cell types. To facilitate tracking, we have thus developed a fluorescent core of particles, combined to a hyaluronate shell for cell recognition.

Label-free relative quantification applied to LC-MALDI acquisition for rapid analysis of chondrocyte secretion modulation.

Unlabelled: Proteomics users enjoy the rapid development of LC-MS-based label-free relative quantification methods but in practice these remain restricted to mass spectrometers using electrospray ionization. Here, tools dedicated to ion chromatogram extraction, time alignment, signal normalization and statistical analysis were used to interpret label-free relative difference between primary human chondrocyte secretomes and dilutions thereof, analyzed successively by LC-MALDI. The analysis of secretomes diluted into culture medium demonstrated that abundant proteins could be relatively quantified within 1.

Increasing the bioactivity of elastomeric poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for use in tissue engineering.

Background: Biodegradable polymers used in tissue engineering applications, such as poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), are hydrophobic leading to a lack of favorable cell signalization and finally to a poor cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. To overcome this problem, scaffolds undergo generally a surface modification.

Objective: Our laboratory has demonstrated that the grafting of poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (pNaSS) onto titanium or poly(ethylene terephthalate) surfaces, leads to a more specific protein adsorption and a better control of cell proliferation.