Differences in Parents and Teachers' Perceptions of Behavior Manifested by Gifted Children with ADHD Compared to Gifted Children without ADHD and Non-Gifted Children with ADHD Using the Conners 3 Scale.

The potential for the misdiagnosis of giftedness as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been well documented, as has the clinical diagnostic profile of individuals with both giftedness and ADHD. This study aimed to examine parents' and teachers' responses to the Conners 3 behavioral rating scale of gifted students with ADHD compared to gifted students without ADHD and non-gifted students with ADHD. Ninety-two children aged 6 to 16 years were included in the study.

Self-reported developmental changes in the frequency and characteristics of somnambulistic and sleep terror episodes in chronic sleepwalkers.

Background: Far from being benign, somnambulistic episodes can be frequent and/or severe and potentially injurious. Episodes may also be accompanied by sleep mentation with variable degrees of retrograde amnesia. The present study investigated how somnambulistic episodes unfold from childhood through adulthood, a topic that remains understudied.

Maternal lack of sleep in the first two years after childbirth: Perceived impacts and help-seeking behaviors.

Most evidence-based sleep interventions (e.g., graduated extinction of nighttime crying) are in opposition to many parents' values.

Auditory arousal responses and thresholds during REM and NREM sleep of sleepwalkers and controls.

Background: It has been suggested that sleepwalkers are more difficult to awaken from sleep than are controls. However, no quantified comparisons have been made between these two populations. The main goal of this study was to assess arousal responsiveness via the presentation of auditory stimuli (AS) in sleepwalkers and controls during normal sleep and recovery sleep following sleep deprivation.

Analysis of slow-wave activity and slow-wave oscillations prior to somnambulism.

Unlabelled: STUDY OBJECTIVIES: several studies have investigated slow wave sleep EEG parameters, including slow-wave activity (SWA) in relation to somnambulism, but results have been both inconsistent and contradictory. The first goal of the present study was to conduct a quantitative analysis of sleepwalkers' sleep EEG by studying fluctuations in spectral power for delta (1-4 Hz) and slow delta (0.5-1 Hz) before the onset of somnambulistic episodes.

NREM parasomnias.

Considerable progress has been made in the systematic study of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep parasomnias. This chapter focuses on the clinical features, prevalence, pathophysiology, associated sleep parameters, and clinical variants of the prototypic NREM sleep parasomnias, namely confusional arousals, sleepwalking, and sleep terrors. Whereas the occurrence of NREM parasomnias in children is frequently viewed as relatively benign, these disorders often pose greater problems, including sleep-related injuries, in affected adults.

Precipitating factors of somnambulism: impact of sleep deprivation and forced arousals.

Objective: Experimental attempts to induce sleepwalking with forced arousals during slow-wave sleep (SWS) have yielded mixed results in children and have not been investigated in adult patients. We hypothesized that the combination of sleep deprivation and external stimulation would increase the probability of inducing somnambulistic episodes in sleepwalkers recorded in the sleep laboratory. The main goal of this study was to assess the effects of forced arousals from auditory stimuli (AS) in adult sleepwalkers and control subjects during normal sleep and following post-sleep deprivation recovery sleep.

Polysomnographic diagnosis of sleepwalking: effects of sleep deprivation.

Objective: Somnambulism affects up to 4% of adults and constitutes one of the leading causes of sleep-related violence and self-injury. Diagnosing somnambulism with objective instruments is often difficult because episodes rarely occur in the laboratory. Because sleep deprivation can precipitate sleepwalking, we aimed to determine the effects of 25 hours of sleep deprivation on the frequency and complexity of somnambulistic episodes recorded in the laboratory.

Variety and intensity of emotions in nightmares and bad dreams.

Nightmares are usually defined as frightening dreams that awaken the sleeper. This study uses the waking criterion to distinguish between nightmares and bad dreams and investigated the variety and intensity of emotions reported in each form of disturbing dream. Ninety participants recorded their dreams for 4 consecutive weeks and, for each dream recalled, noted the emotions present and their intensities on a 9-point scale.

Hypersynchronous delta waves and somnambulism: brain topography and effect of sleep deprivation.

Study Objectives: Hypersynchronous delta activity (HSD) is usually described as several continuous high-voltage delta waves (> or = 150 microV) in the sleep electroencephalogram of somnambulistic patients. However, studies have yielded varied and contradictory results. The goal of the present study was to evaluate HSD over different electroencephalographic derivations during the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep of somnambulistic patients and controls during normal sleep and following 38 hours of sleep deprivation, as well as prior to sleepwalking episodes.

Analysis of postarousal EEG activity during somnambulistic episodes.

Early studies found that electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings during somnambulistic episodes were characterized by a combination of alpha, theta, and delta frequencies, without evidence of clear wakefulness. Three postarousal EEG patterns associated with slow-wave sleep (SWS) arousals were recently identified in adults with sleepwalking and sleep terrors. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the distribution of these postarousal EEG patterns in 10 somnambulistic patients (three males, seven females, mean age: 25.