Phosphorylation of Zearalenone Retains Its Toxicity.

Microbial biotransformation of Zearalenone (ZEN) is a promising deactivation approach. The residual toxicity and stability of Zearalenone-14-phosphate (ZEN-14-P) and Zearalenone-16-phosphate (ZEN-16-P), two novel microbial phosphorylation products of ZEN, remain unknown. We investigated the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, proinflammatory, and estrogenic activity of phosphorylated ZENs using porcine intestinal cells, uterine explants, and human endometrial cells and traced their metabolic fate by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS analysis.

Potential of Non- Yeasts as Probiotics and Alternatives to Antibiotics in Animal Production.

Probiotics are live yeast or bacterial organisms that have beneficial effects on the host. Several microorganisms exhibit probiotic properties, the most common types being lactic acid bacteria, , spore-forming bacteria, and some yeast strains. var.

Insights into the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of spp. strains isolated from biofilms in broiler farms.

The characterization of surface microbiota living in biofilms within livestock buildings has been relatively unexplored, despite its potential impact on animal health. To enhance our understanding of these microbial communities, we characterized 11 spore-forming strains isolated from two commercial broiler chicken farms. Sequencing of the strains revealed them to belong to three species , , and .

The supplementation of female dogs with live yeast var. CNCM I-1079 acts as gut stabilizer at whelping and modulates immunometabolic phenotype of the puppies.

Time around parturition is a stressful period for both bitches and their puppies. The use of probiotics has been proposed, e.g.

Impact of Dietary Regime and Seasonality on Hindgut's Mycobiota Diversity in Dairy Cows.

We describe and discuss the intestinal mycobiota of dairy cows reared in France following variations in dietary regimes and two seasons. Two groups of 21 animals were followed over a summer and winter period, and another group of 28 animals was followed only during the same summer season. The summer diet was based on grazing supplemented with 3-5 kg/d of maize, grass silage and hay, while the winter diet consisted of 30% maize silage, 25% grass silage, 15% hay and 30% concentrate.

Inoculation with alone or in combination with modifies gene expression, fermentation profile, and starch digestibility in high-moisture corn.

Inoculants combining and have been shown to improve the aerobic stability of high-moisture corn (HMC) and whole-plant corn silage, but the mode of action of this co-inoculation remains to be elucidated. This study used metatranscriptomics to evaluate the effects of inoculation with alone or combined with on the bacterial community, gene expression, fermentation profile, and starch digestibility in HMC. High-moisture corn not inoculated (Control) or inoculated with NCIMB 40788 (LB) or NCIMB 40788 combined with CNCM-I-4785 (Combo) was ensiled in mini silo bags for 30, 60, 120, and 180 days.

Yeast cell wall extracts from varying in structure and composition differentially shape the innate immunity and mucosal tissue responses of the intestine of zebrafish ().

With the rising awareness of antimicrobial resistance, the development and use of functional feed additives (FFAs) as an alternative prophylactic approach to improve animal health and performance is increasing. Although the FFAs from yeasts are widely used in animal and human pharma applications already, the success of future candidates resides in linking their structural functional properties to their efficacy . Herein, this study aimed to characterise the biochemical and molecular properties of four proprietary yeast cell wall extracts from in relation to their potential effect on the intestinal immune responses when given orally.

Probiotic, Paraprobiotic, and Hydrolyzed Yeast Mixture Supplementation Has Comparable Effects to Zinc Oxide in Improving Growth Performance and Ameliorating Post-weaning Diarrhea in Weaned Piglets.

A total of 150 21-day-old weaned piglets [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] were randomly assigned to 3 groups (CON, TRT1, TRT2) to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic, paraprobiotic, and hydrolyzed yeast mixture (PPY) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal bacterial counts, fecal calprotectin contents, and diarrhea rate in a 42-day experiment (phase 1: days 1-14; phase 2: days 15-42). There were 10 replicate pens per treatment with 5 pigs per pen (three gilts and two barrows). Pigs in CON were only provided with a basal diet.

Effect of Feeding CNCM I-1079 to Sows and Piglets on Piglets' Immune Response after Vaccination against .

The aim of this study was to assess the effect that feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 (LSB) to lactating sows and their progeny has on inflammatory response and mucosal immunity after vaccination against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Sixty-seven Danbred sows were allotted into two treatments when they entered the farrowing room seven days before the expected farrowing date: control (CON: lactation diet) and LSB (CON + 12 × 109 colony forming units (CFU)/d until weaning). At weaning, piglets were equally allotted into two experimental diets according to sow diet: control (CON: 2-phase post-weaning diets) and LSB (CON + 2 × 109 CFU/kg and 1 × 109 CFU/kg in phases 1 and 2, respectively).

Positive biofilms to control surface-associated microbial communities in a broiler chicken production system - a field study.

In the One Health concept, the use of beneficial bacteria to form positive biofilms that prevent the settlement of undesirable bacteria is a promising solution to limit the use of antimicrobials on farms. However, there is a lack of field studies reporting the onset of these beneficial bacteria after application and the effects on autochthonous surface microbiota. In the study reported here, the inner surfaces of commercial broiler chicken houses were treated or not with a bacterial consortium composed of spp.

Effect of live yeast supplementation and feeding frequency in male finishing pigs subjected to heat stress.

In growing pigs, reduced growth during heat stress (HS) is mainly related to decreased feed intake. The study aimed to determine whether the reported positive effects of live yeast (LY) supplementation in HS pigs were due to a modified feeding behaviour or energy metabolism, and if these can be replicated by imposing an increased meal frequency. The effect of LY supplementation (0 (NS) .

Positive biofilms to guide surface microbial ecology in livestock buildings.

The increase in human consumption of animal proteins implies changes in the management of meat production. This is followed by increasingly restrictive regulations on antimicrobial products such as chemical biocides and antibiotics, used in particular to control pathogens that can spread zoonotic diseases. Aligned with the One Health concept, alternative biological solutions are under development and are starting to be used in animal production.

Dietary Inclusion of Hydrolyzed Yeasts Modulates Physiological Responses in Plasma and Immune Organs of Atlantic Salmon () Parr Exposed to Acute Hypoxia Stress.

Stress related to salmon aquaculture practices (handling, sub-optimal nutrition, diseases, and environmental problems) may compromise fish welfare. This study describes the effects of two hydrolyzed yeast-based products (LAN4 and LAN6) on physiological and immune responses of Atlantic salmon () parr exposed to short hypoxia stress. A commercial-like diet (control diet: CD) and two experimental diets (CD supplemented with 0.

Genome Sequence of Bacillus velezensis P1, a Strain Isolated from a Biofilm Captured on a Pig Farm Building.

The genome of the Bacillus velezensis P1 strain isolated from a biofilm on the wall of a pig farm was sequenced. The strain harbors many surface colonization genes involved in surfactant, matrix, and antibacterial synthesis.

Capture and Ex-Situ Analysis of Environmental Biofilms in Livestock Buildings.

Little information about biofilm microbial communities on the surface of livestock buildings is available yet. While these spatially organized communities proliferate in close contact with animals and can harbor undesirable microorganisms, no standardized methods have been described to sample them non-destructively. We propose a reproducible coupon-based capture method associated with a set of complementary ex-situ analysis tools to describe the major features of those communities.

Evaluation of a Yeast Hydrolysate from a Novel Strain of for Mycotoxin Mitigation using In Vitro and In Vivo Models.

Mycotoxicoses in animals are caused by exposure to mycotoxin-contaminated feeds. Disease risk is managed using dietary adsorbing agents which reduce oral bioavailability. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of three selected yeast products as mycotoxin binders using in vitro and in vivo models.

Performance of distinct microbial based solutions in a Campylobacter infection challenge model in poultry.

Background: Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are commonly used within poultry production to improve feed conversion, bird growth, and reduce morbidity and mortality from clinical and subclinical diseases. Due to the association between AGP usage and rising antimicrobial resistance, the industry has explored new strategies including the use of probiotics and other microbial-based interventions to promote the development of a healthy microbiome in birds and mitigate against infections associated with food safety and food security. While previous studies have largely focused on the ability of probiotics to protect against Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella enterica, much less is known concerning their impact on Campylobacter jejuni, a near commensal of the chicken gut microbiome that nevertheless is a major cause of food poisoning in humans.

Dietary Probiotic MA18/5M Improves the Growth, Feed Performance and Antioxidant Status of Penaeid Shrimp : A Growth-Ration-Size Approach.

Probiotics are increasingly documented to confer health and performance benefits across farmed animals. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a constant daily intake of the single-strain probiotic MA18/5M (4 × 10 CFU.day.

CNCM I-1079 supplementation in finishing male pigs helps to cope with heat stress through feeding behaviour and gut microbiota modulation.

Pigs subjected to heat stress (HS) decrease their feed intake and growth. The objectives of the experiment were to determine the effects of live yeast (LY) supplementation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii CNCM I-1079) on feeding behaviour, energy metabolism and faecal microbiota composition of finishing boars (n 10) housed in a respiration chamber at thermoneutrality (7 d at 22°C) or during HS (seven plus six days at 28°C). Dietary LY supplementation increased DM intake (P = 0·01) whatever the ambient temperature, whereas HS decreased feed intake whatever the dietary supplementation (P = 0·01).

A Novel Microbial Zearalenone Transformation through Phosphorylation.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin widely occurring in many agricultural commodities. In this study, a purified bacterial isolate, sp. S62-W, obtained from one of 104 corn silage samples from various silos located in the United States, exhibited activity to transform the mycotoxin ZEA.

A novel dietary multi-strain yeast fraction modulates intestinal toll-like-receptor signalling and mucosal responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

This study was conducted to evaluate the mucosal immune responses of rainbow trout when supplementing an experimental formulated feed with multi-strain yeast fraction product (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cyberlindnera jardinii). In total, 360 fish (initial BW 23.1 ± 0.

The -Group Bacterium as a Safe Probiotic Solution for Aquaculture.

Phaeobacter inhibens has been assessed as a probiotic bacterium for application in aquaculture. Studies addressing the efficacy and safety indicate that maintains its antagonistic activity against pathogenic vibrios in aquaculture live cultures (live feed and fish egg/larvae) while having no or a positive effect on the host organisms and a minor impact on the host microbiomes. While produces antibacterial and algicidal compounds, no study has so far found a virulent phenotype of cells against higher organisms.

Effect of heat stress and feeding management on growth performance and physiological responses of finishing pigs.

This study aimed to determine whether pig responses to heat stress (HS) were directly due to heat exposure (regardless of feeding level and pattern) or were indirectly due to the reduction of feed intake (FI) and to determine if increasing feeding frequency (splitting heat increments) can improve pig response to HS. A total of 48 pigs (66.1 ± 1.

AFM dendritips functionalized with molecular probes specific to cell wall polysaccharides as a tool to investigate cell surface structure and organization.

The yeast cell wall is composed of mannoproteins, β-1,3/β-1, 6-glucans and chitin. Each of these components has technological properties that are relevant for industrial and medical applications. To address issues related to cell wall structure and alteration in response to stress or conditioning processes, AFM dendritips were functionalized with biomolecules that are specific for each of the wall components, which was wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) for chitin, concanavalin A (ConA) for mannans and anti-β-1,3/anti-β-1,6-glucan antibodies for β-1,3/β-1,6-glucans.

H-NMR metabolomics response to a realistic diet contamination with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol: Effect of probiotics supplementation.

Low-level contamination of food and feed by deoxynivalenol (DON) is unavoidable. We investigated the effects of subclinical treatment with DON, and supplementation with probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii I1079 as a preventive strategy in piglets. Thirty-six animals were randomly assigned to either a control diet, a diet contaminated with DON (3 mg/kg), a diet supplemented with yeast (4 × 10 CFU/kg), or a DON-contaminated diet supplemented with yeast, for four weeks.