Artifacts and Technical Restrictions in 2D Shear Wave Elastography.

2 D shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) is the latest evolution of elastography techniques and allows real-time quantitative assessment of the medium stiffness. The aim of this review is to identify, describe, explain and illustrate some technical restrictions and artifacts in 2D-SWE. Encountered artifacts and technical restrictions may be categorized according to acquisition technique, medium, or operator: · Acquisition technique: B-mode & SWE entanglement, transducer frequency, posterior elastographic shadowing artifact, mirrored elastogram artifact, "vertical striped" artifact, resolution limits in SWE, non-equivalence of elastographic devices.

Evaluation of the Effect of an Anisotropic Medium on Shear Wave Velocities of Intra-Muscular Gelatinous Inclusions.

In highly anisotropic biological tissues such as muscle or tendons, calculating Young's modulus from the shear wave speed (c) by using shear wave elastography (SWE) involves a complex transversally isotropic rheological model not yet used in common practice. To our knowledge, the effect of muscle anisotropy on c of intra-muscular lesions has not yet been investigated. The objective of our study was to define the effect of an anisotropic medium on c of intra-muscular gelatinous inclusions.