The Autophagy Receptor TAX1BP1 (T6BP) improves antigen presentation by MHC-II molecules.

CD4 T lymphocytes play a major role in the establishment and maintenance of immunity. They are activated by antigenic peptides derived from extracellular or newly synthesized (endogenous) proteins presented by the MHC-II molecules. The pathways leading to endogenous MHC-II presentation remain poorly characterized.

Naive and memory CD4 T cell subsets can contribute to the generation of human Tfh cells.

CD4 T follicular helper cells (Tfh) promote B cell maturation and antibody production in secondary lymphoid organs. By using an innovative culture system based on splenocyte stimulation, we studied the dynamics of naive and memory CD4 T cells during the generation of a Tfh cell response. We found that both naive and memory CD4 T cells can acquire phenotypic and functional features of Tfh cells.

Determination of purity and anionic exchange efficiency of amino acid ionic liquids synthesis by multiple-injection capillary zone electrophoresis.

The purity of ionic liquids (IL) is important for its performance, so the methods able to quantify low concentration impurities are necessaries. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the purity and the anionic exchange efficiency for the preparation of amino acids ionic liquids (AAIL). For this, a Multiple-Injection Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (MICZE) method with direct UV detection was developed and optimized for iodide (I) determination as impurity of AAIL synthesis, comparing this method with traditional injection modes.

A role for antibodies in natural HIV control.

Purpose Of Review: Rare patients naturally control HIV replication without antiretroviral therapy. Understanding the mechanisms implicated in natural HIV control will inform the development of immunotherapies against HIV. Elite controllers are known for developing efficient antiviral T-cell responses, but recent findings suggest that antibody responses also play a significant role in HIV control.

Amino acid ionic liquids as catalysts in a solvent-free Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction.

In the present work, we describe the preparation of ten amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) formed from ammonium salts as cations, derivatives of glycerol, and natural amino acids as anions. All of them are viscous oils, colorless or pale yellow, and hygroscopic at room temperature. They have appreciable solubility in many protic and aprotic polar solvents.