Malaria burden and residual transmission: two thirds of mosquito bites may not be preventable with current vector control tools on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea.

Objectives: This study assesses exposure to malaria vector mosquitos that is nonpreventable through use of nets, the contribution of outdoor and indoor biting towards residual vector exposure, and the risk factors for being bitten and for being infected with malaria parasites on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea.

Methods: Human behavior and malaria infection data were collected from 13,735 randomly selected residents during cross-sectional surveys, concomitantly with entomological human landing catches, indoors and outdoors, in 20 locations on the Island. Self-reported time of going indoors, going to bed and whether using a net were analyzed to impute for each respondent the number of bites received outdoors and indoors during the night before the survey.

Postgraduate medical training in Germany: A narrative review.

The structure and content of the training phase following completion of medical school, referred to in most countries as postgraduate medical training, varies between countries. The purpose of this article is to give national and international readers an overview of the organisation and structure of postgraduate medical training in Germany. The content and duration of postgraduate training in Germany are stipulated by state medical boards, officially termed associations ().