Inhaled salbutamol induces leanness in well-trained healthy females but not males during a period of endurance training: a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Many athletes use short-acting inhaled β-agonists multiple times weekly during training sessions to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, but it is unclear if treatment impairs training outcomes. Herein, we investigated performance adaptations in well-trained females and males training with prior inhalation of salbutamol.

Methods: 19 females and 21 males with maximal oxygen uptake (') of 50.

Rotation-induced grain growth and stagnation in phase-field crystal models.

We consider grain growth and stagnation in polycrystalline microstructures. From the phase-field crystal modeling of the coarsening dynamics, we identify a transition from a grain-growth stagnation upon deep quenching below the melting temperature T(m) to a continuous coarsening at shallower quenching near T(m). The grain evolution is mediated by local grain rotations.