Anatomy of the female pelvic nerves: a macroscopic study of the hypogastric plexus and their relations and variations.

The autonomic nerves of the lesser pelvis are particularly prone to iatrogenic lesions due to their exposed position during manifold surgical interventions. Nevertheless, the cause of rectal and urinary incontinence or sexual dysfunctions, for example after rectal cancer resection or hysterectomy, remains largely understudied, particularly with regard to the female pelvic autonomic plexuses. This study focused on the macroscopic description of the superior hypogastric plexus, hypogastric nerves, inferior hypogastric plexus, the parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves and the sympathetic fibres.

Radiological and biomechanical assessment of displaced greater tuberosity fractures.

Purpose: Greater tuberosity fractures are challenging lesions concerning decision-making. In order to improve our treatment algorithm, we developed a new method, which allows predicting a possible subacromial conflict on standard anteroposterior radiographs, considering not only the displacement of the fragment but also the width of the subacromial space.

Methods: The measurement technique consisted of drawing three concentric circles on true anteroposterior radiographs.

The anatomy of the male inferior hypogastric plexus: What should we know for nerve sparing surgery.

The aim of this study was to investigate the nerve supply to the structures in the male lesser pelvis and review its clinical relevance, especially during nerve sparing surgery. Three formalin-embalmed and 16 Thiel-embalmed male hemipelves were used. They were microdissected after repeated treatments with nitric acid diluted 1:10 with milliQ-water.

Combined maceration procedure permits advanced microsurgical dissection of Thiel-embalmed specimens.

Introduction: Due to the realistic colour, texture conservation and preservation of biomechanical properties, Thiel-embalming is becoming the main embalming procedure for clinical courses and research based on human cadaver material. The aim of this study is to establish a new procedure that allows advanced microdissection of small vessels and intraorganic nerves in Thiel-embalmed material.

Material And Methods/results: After a classical gross anatomical dissection, human hemipelves underwent repetitive application of 3 consecutive steps: (i) maceration with alloy of nitric acid and MiliQ water 1:10 for 24-48h.

Assessment of the Breakaway Torque at the Posterior Pelvic Ring in Human Cadavers.

Purpose: To enhance the diminished screw purchase in cancellous, osteoporotic bone following the fixation of posterior pelvic ring injuries by iliosacral screws an increased bone-implant contact area using modificated screws, techniques or bone cement may become necessary. The aim of the study was to identify sites within the pathway of iliosacral screws requiring modifications of the local bone or the design of instrumentations placed at this site.

Materials And Methods: The breakaway torque was measured mechanically at the iliosacral joint ("ISJ"), the sacral lateral mass ("SLM") and the center of the S1 ("CS1"), at a superior and an inferior site under fluoroscopic control on five human cadaveric specimens (3 female; mean age 87 years, range: 76-99) using the DensiProbe™Spine device.

An integrated system for 3D hip joint reconstruction from 2D X-rays: a preliminary validation study.

The acquisition of conventional X-ray radiographs remains the standard imaging procedure for the diagnosis of hip-related problems. However, recent studies demonstrated the benefit of using three-dimensional (3D) surface models in the clinical routine. 3D surface models of the hip joint are useful for assessing the dynamic range of motion in order to identify possible pathologies such as femoroacetabular impingement.

Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament using the adductor magnus tendon: an anatomic study.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the anatomic feasibility of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using a part of the adductor magnus tendon and to identify possible risks.

Methods: Twenty cadaveric knees were dissected. The distal part of the adductor magnus tendon was evaluated with respect to the anatomic topography and its utility for MPFL reconstruction.

A pedicled bone graft from the acromion: an anatomical investigation regarding surgical feasibility.

Objective: To investigate the technical feasibility of harvesting a vascularized bone graft from the acromion pedicled on the acromial branch.

Background: Complex fractures of the proximal humerus may result in partial or total avascular necrosis of the head fragment. Treatment of avascular necrosis of the humeral head is dependent upon the stage of disease as well as the dimension and location of necrosis.

Expression of SV2 in the developing chick cerebellum: comparison with Calbindin and AMPA glutamate receptors 2/3.

The well-organized cerebellum is an ideal model to investigate the developmental appearance and localization of pre- and postsynaptic structures. One of the synaptic proteins abundant in the central nervous system and localized in presynaptic vesicle membranes is the synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2). SV2 was shown to be involved in priming and modulating synaptic vesicles and having an effect in epileptic diseases.

Laparoscopic training on Thiel human cadavers: a model to teach advanced laparoscopic procedures.

Background: Nowadays, the laparoscopic approach represents the gold standard for a wide range of various basic and advanced procedures. To reduce the learning curve in advanced laparoscopic surgery, the search for new teaching tools is of utmost importance. Our experiences with a new teaching tool to train advanced laparoscopic procedures are reported.

Differential appearance of dynamin in constitutive and regulated exo-endocytosis: a single-cell multiplex RT-PCR study.

Neurons in the central nervous system establish, via their axons and dendrites, an extended network that allows synaptic transmission. During developmental maturation and process outgrowth, membrane turnover is necessary for the enlargement and subsequent growth of axons and dendrites from the perikarya to the target cell (constitutive exocytosis/endocytosis). After targeting and synapse formation, small synaptic vesicles are needed for the quantal release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic terminal with subsequent recycling by regulated exocytosis/endocytosis.

Differential expression of neuronal calcium sensor-1 in the developing chick retina.

Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) is a Ca(2+) binding protein that has been implicated in the regulation of neurotransmission and synaptogenesis. In this study we investigated the developmental expression and localization of NCS-1 in the chick retina. Single- and double-labeling experiments with three-dimensional reconstruction as well as ultrastructural data of the distribution of NCS-1 suggest that this protein is also involved in axonal process outgrowth.