Determining the Influence of Habitual Dietary Protein Intake on Physiological Muscle Parameters in Youth and Older Age.

Protein ingestion is a potent stimulator of skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS). However, older adults demonstrate resistance to anabolic stimuli. Some evidence has demonstrated that a larger acute protein dose is required in older compared to younger adults to elicit the same synthetic response, suggesting that older adults should be consuming higher habitual dietary protein to optimise muscle mass.

Overcoming protein-energy malnutrition in older adults in the residential care setting: A narrative review of causes and interventions.

Malnutrition, in particular protein-energy malnutrition, is a highly prevalent condition in older adults, and is associated with low muscle mass and function, and increased prevalence of physical frailty. Malnutrition is often exacerbated in the residential care setting due to factors including lack of dentition and appetite, and increased prevalence of dementia and dysphagia. This review aims to provide an overview of the available literature in older adults in the residential care setting regarding the following: links between sarcopenia, frailty, and malnutrition (in particular, protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)), recognition and diagnosis of malnutrition, factors contributing to PEM, and the effectiveness of different forms of protein supplementation (in particular, oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) and protein-fortified foods (PFF)) to target PEM.

Vaccine impact on antimicrobial resistance to inform Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance's 2018 Vaccine Investment Strategy: report from an expert survey.

While the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been recognised as a major public health problem, the value of vaccines to control AMR is poorly defined. This expert survey was launched with the aim of informing the 2018 Vaccine Investment Strategy through which Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance prioritises future vaccine funding. This exercise focused on both vaccines currently supported by Gavi and under consideration for future funding.

Setting targets for HIV/AIDS-What lessons can be learned from other disease control programmes?

In a Collection Review, Richard Hayes and colleagues discuss metrics for assessing progress in control of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the context of prior disease control programmes.

Bibliometric Assessment of European and Sub-Saharan African Research Output on Poverty-Related and Neglected Infectious Diseases from 2003 to 2011.

Background: The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) is a partnership of European and sub-Saharan African countries that aims to accelerate the development of medical interventions against poverty-related diseases (PRDs). A bibliometric analysis was conducted to 1) measure research output from European and African researchers on PRDs, 2) describe collaboration patterns, and 3) assess the citation impact of clinical research funded by EDCTP.

Methodology/principal Findings: Disease-specific research publications were identified in Thomson Reuters Web of Science using search terms in titles, abstracts and keywords.

Chronic exposure to a gambling-like schedule of reward predictive stimuli can promote sensitization to amphetamine in rats.

Addiction is considered to be a brain disease caused by chronic exposure to drugs. Sensitization of brain dopamine (DA) systems partly mediates this effect. Pathological gambling (PG) is considered to be a behavioral addiction.

High dose benzodiazepine dependence: description of 29 patients treated with flumazenil infusion and stabilised with clonazepam.

The withdrawal syndrome from benzodiazepine (BZD) can be severe and in some cases may impede cessation of the use of the drug. We present here a case series of benzodiazepine detoxification by flumazenil infusion, stabilised with clonazepam. Patients were treated with flumazenil 1.

Daily morphine injection and withdrawal disrupt 24-h wheel running and PERIOD2 expression patterns in the rat limbic forebrain.

Symptoms of opiate withdrawal include disturbances in circadian rhythms. We examined in male Wistar rats (n=48) the effects of a daily, mid-morning morphine injection (5-40 mg/kg, i.p.

Cocaine-related medical and trauma problems: a consecutive series of 743 patients from a multicentre study in Italy.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the spectrum of medical and trauma complications associated with self-reported cocaine use.

Methods: Patient databases of 23 emergency departments were searched for consultations related to cocaine use between January 2007 and December 2008.

Results: The population included 569 men (84.

Two-dimensional liquid chromatographic methods to examine phenylboronate interactions with recombinant antibodies.

A two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system incorporating Agilent 1100 components was set up and 2D-LC methods were developed to determine how recombinant antibodies (rAbs) interact with a commercial boronate column. Analyses of ten rAbs demonstrated that a simple boronate affinity chromatography method cannot be generalized to separate or detect the glycation level for all of rAbs as the aggregates were also retained on the boronate column. A quantitative boronate affinity chromatography method was developed to examine the extent of glycation of a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (rhuMAb).

Proteomic analysis of reporter genes for molecular imaging of transplanted embryonic stem cells.

Study of stem cells may reveal promising treatment for diseases. The fate and function of transplanted stem cells remain poorly defined. Recent studies demonstrate that reporter genes can monitor real-time survival of transplanted stem cells in living subjects.

Diffusion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the Veterans Affairs health care system, 1991-1995.

Context: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the most widely used treatment for gallbladder disease. In HMO, Medicare, and fee-for-service settings, cholecystectomy rates increased 28% to 59% after introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Objective: To investigate the impact of the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on cholecystectomy rates and the operative mortality rate in Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals.

Gonadotrophic hormones affect aggressive behavior in starling.

Injections of gonadotrophic hormones into subordinate male European starlings produced reversals in social rank, suggesting that pituitary gonadotrophic hormones rather than gonadal hormones influence aggressive behavior in this species.