Optimizing extrusion processes and understanding conformational changes in itraconazole amorphous solid dispersions using in-line UV-Vis spectroscopy and QbD principles.

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the manufacturing of itraconazole (ITZ) amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) with Kolllidon® VA64 (KVA64) using hot-melt extrusion (HME) and in-line process monitoring, employing a Quality by Design (QbD) approach. A sequential Design of Experiments (DoE) strategy was utilized to optimize the manufacturing process, with in-line UV-Vis spectroscopy providing real-time monitoring. The first DoE used a fractional factorial screening design to evaluate critical process parameters (CPPs), revealing that ITZ concentration had the most significant impact on the product quality attributes.

RCPedia: a global resource for studying and exploring retrocopies in diverse species.

Motivation: Gene retrocopies arise from the reverse transcription and genomic insertion of processed mRNA transcripts. These elements have significantly contributed to genetic diversity and novelties throughout the evolution of many species. However, the study of retrocopies has been challenging, owing to the absence of comprehensive, complete, and user-friendly databases for diverse species.

A new species of Gamasellodes Athias-Henriot (Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from Brazil and a key to the world species of the genus.

Gamasellodes lavafesii Castro, Azevedo Castilho sp. nov. is described based on the morphology of adult females collected from litter and soil in a transition region between Cerrado and Amazon Rainforest of Mato Grosso state and in the Caatinga biome of Alagoas state, respectively in midwestern and northeastern Brazil.