Mammalian mitochondrial inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) and cell signaling: Crosstalk between PolyP and the activity of AMPK.

Unlabelled: Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an evolutionary and ancient polymer composed by orthophosphate units linked by phosphoanhydride bonds. In mammalian cells, polyP shows a high localization in mammalian mitochondria, and its regulatory role in various aspects of bioenergetics has already been demonstrated, via molecular mechanism(s) yet to be fully elucidated. In recent years, a role for polyP in signal transduction, from brain physiology to the bloodstream, has also emerged.

Mitochondrial inorganic polyphosphate is required to maintain proteostasis within the organelle.

The existing literature points towards the presence of robust mitochondrial mechanisms aimed at mitigating protein dyshomeostasis within the organelle. However, the precise molecular composition of these mechanisms remains unclear. Our data show that inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a polymer well-conserved throughout evolution, is a component of these mechanisms.

Downregulation of Tnf-α and Cat Expression in a Wistar Rat Diabetic Model during Diabetes Onset.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and/or insulin resistance. If left uncontrolled, it can lead to a combination of cardiac and renal alterations known as cardiorenal syndrome. Additionally, oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to tissue damage, thereby reducing the life expectancy of individuals with diabetes.

High Prevalence of a c.5979dupA Variant in the Dysferlin Gene (DYSF) in Individuals from a Semiarid Region of Brazil.

Background: Dysferlinopathies represent a group of limb girdle or distal muscular dystrophies with an autosomal-recessive inheritance pattern resulting from the presence of pathogenic variants in the dysferlin gene (DYSF).

Objective: In this work, we describe a population from a small city in Brazil carrying the c.5979dupA pathogenic variant of DYSF responsible for limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2R and distal muscular dystrophy.

Toolkit for cellular studies of mammalian mitochondrial inorganic polyphosphate.

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an ancient polymer which is extremely well-conserved throughout evolution, and found in every studied organism. PolyP is composed of orthophosphates linked together by high-energy bonds, similar to those found in ATP. The metabolism and the functions of polyP in prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes are well understood.

Relationship of irisin expression with metabolic alterations and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with metabolic alterations and obesity.

Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on participants treated at Centro Universitário FMABC between August 2018 and July 2019, by comparing a control group (n=14) with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n=16). The control group consisted of participants aged above 21 years with no chronic diseases, diabetes, smoking, or illicit drug use.

Cartilage-specific deficiency represses IGF-1 and enhances osteoarthritis severity in mice.

Objectives: Prior studies noted that chondrocyte SIRT6 activity is repressed in older chondrocytes rendering cells susceptible to catabolic signalling events implicated in osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to define the effect of deficiency on the development of post-traumatic and age-associated OA in mice.

Methods: Male cartilage-specific -deficient mice and intact controls underwent destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) or sham surgery at 16 weeks of age and OA severity was analysed at 6 and 10 weeks postsurgery.

Preclinical Effects Of Melatonin On The Development Of Ehrlich's Tumor: A Biochemical, Cognitive, And Molecular Approach.

Background: It has already been shown that melatonin is an antitumoral molecule that affects malignant cells via some mechanisms. The benefit played by this hormone on cancer is due to its antioxidant effects.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the preclinical effects of melatonin in mice with the Ehrlich ascites tumor.

Quantification of Vitamin D at Different Levels of Clinical Worsening of COVID-19.

Introduction And Aim: Vitamin D is the name given to a group of lipid-soluble steroidal substances of physiological importance in the body, especially in bone metabolism. The active form of vitamin D is believed to have immunomodulatory effects on immune system cells, especially T lymphocytes, as well as on the production and action of several cytokines and on the expression of potent antimicrobial peptides in epithelial cells that line the respiratory tract, playing an important role in protecting the lung from infections. The aim of this study was to assess vitamin D levels in patients with COVID-19 in healthcare service and to verify that these levels are adequate to protect the progression of this infection.

INCISIONAL HERNIA AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY: ONLY THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION IS ENOUGH?

Background: Incisional hernia is characterized by a bulging of the abdominal wall caused by the prolapse of intracavitary structures, such as a segment of the small intestine, through the trocar orifice. Ultrasonography and physical examination are used in the diagnosis of incisional hernia.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the difference between physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography at the diagnosis of incisional hernia in patients who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Comparative Study on the Effects of , PC-18 and Magnesium Chloride on Solid Ehrlich Tumor.

New perspectives arise in the therapeutic practice for cancer, with the objective to not only treat patients, but also improve their quality of life. , a plant from Brazilian Amazon presents a wide range of pharmacological actions. This study evaluated the effect of Guarana () extract, pure and dry Guarana (PC-18) extract and magnesium chloride (MgCl) in mice of the Balb/c strain inoculated with the Ehrlich tumor regarding gene expression of inflammatory markers transforming growth factor-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and oxidative stress (OS) and fatigue, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase 4 and analyzed myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.

Does nebivolol have renoprotective action in patients with chronic kidney disease conditions? An integrative review.

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a chronic disease of multifactorial origin and one of the main risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pharmacological treatment of SAH involves five main classes of drugs, and Nebivolol (NEB) is one of those drugs, belonging to the class of third generation β1-adrenoceptors selective blockers. NEB is composed of a racemic mixture of two enantiomers: d-nebivolol, which exerts antagonist effects on β-adrenoceptors, and l-nebivolol, a vascular β receptor agonist.

Kidney Diseases: The Age of Molecular Markers.

Kidney diseases are conditions that increase the morbidity and mortality of those afflicted. Diagnosis of these conditions is based on parameters such as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), measurement of serum and urinary creatinine levels and equations derived from these measurements (Wasung, Chawla, Madero. Clin Chim Acta 438:350-357, 2015).

Diagnostic potential of hypoxia-induced genes in liquid biopsies of breast cancer patients.

In tumor cells, higher expression of glucose transporter proteins (GLUT) and carbonic anhydrases (CAIX) genes is influenced by hypoxia-induced factors (HIF).Thus, we aimed to study the expression profile of these markers in sequential peripheral blood collections performed in breast cancer patients in order to verify their predictive potential in liquid biopsies. Gene expressions were analyzed by qPCR in tumor and blood samples from 125 patients and 25 healthy women.

Magnesium Supplementation: Effect on the Expression of Inflammation Genes in Erlich's Tumor.

Magnesium supplementation may be beneficial for cancer patients due to its action as a modulator of cell proliferation and metabolism and its anti-inflammatory effect. Tumor metabolism can influence the bioavailability and absorption of nutrients, leading to an increase in the individual's nutritional needs. In this work, the effects of supplementing different dosages of magnesium chloride in mice with solid Ehrlich's tumors were investigated by analyzing their hematological, inflammatory and anthropometric biomarkers.

Ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, exhibits potential effect in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice.

Dystrophin deficiency makes the sarcolemma fragile and susceptible to degeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The proteasome is a multimeric protease complex and is central to the regulation of cellular proteins. Previous studies have shown that proteasome inhibition improved pathological changes in mdx mice.

Salivary Microbiological and Gingival Health Status Evaluation of Adolescents With Overweight and Obesity: A Cluster Analysis.

Given the high prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents, the investigation of early markers is of clinical importance to better manage this condition. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the cross-sectional relationship between salivary microbiota, gingival health status, and excess weight in adolescents. A total of 248 students (14-17 y; 119 girls) were included, free of caries lesions and periodontal pockets.

PYGM mRNA expression in McArdle disease: Demographic, clinical, morphological and genetic features.

Introduction: McArdle disease presents clinical and genetic heterogeneity. There is no obvious association between genotype and phenotype. PYGM (muscle glycogen phosphorylase gene) mRNA expression and its association with clinical, morphological, and genetic aspects of the disease as a set have not been studied previously.

Involvement of repair genes in oral cancer: A systematic review.

Among the types of cancers that may occur in the oral cavity, squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the mouth have a higher incidence and are associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Among steps from the beginning to the progression of the tumour, DNA Repair System is highlighted. The present study aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the expression of the repair genes hMSH2 and hMSH6 in patients with SCC in the mouth and oropharyngeal region.

Role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α as a potential biomarker for renal diseases-A systematic review.

Renal cells need oxygen for homeostasis; it is known for adjusting cellular functioning and the energy obtainment have a broad relationship with cellular respiration, through the O bioavailability. O homeostasis regulation in the kidney is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIF is divided into three α isoforms, represented by HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α in addition to three paralogs of HIF-1β; these are involved in some metabolic processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of several diseases.

Determination of vitamin D in tears of healthy individuals by the electrochemiluminescence method.

Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone which can be converted into various forms and is of extreme physiological importance to our body. However, its functions and local metabolic pathways in some organs, such as the eye, have not yet been well studied. We aimed to verify the correlation between vitamin D levels in blood and tear fluid and the possibility of using tear fluid as a biological material for monitoring eye disorders in the future.

Chemotherapy-induced fatigue is associated with changes in gene expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction of patients with locoregional breast cancer.

Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced fatigue (CIF) is a frequent symptom that impairs patient functioning and quality of life. We aimed to evaluate whether systemic chemotherapy can induce a specific gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) of patients with locoregional breast cancer (LRBC) who develop CIF.

Methods: PBMNC were collected from 3 patients who developed CIF before and after their initial cycle of chemotherapy, and RNA-seq was performed in an Ion Torrent™ System.