Physical Capacities and Combat Performance Characteristics of Male and Female Olympic Boxers.

: The study characterized the anthropometrical and cardiorespiratory profile, and the cardiorespiratory, bio-chemical and immunological responses to 3 × 3 min round (R) free-contact/combat boxing simulation, in elite Olympic Boxers (4 female and 10 male). : The evaluation consisted of resting metabolic rate, anthropometric measurement, maximal graded test exercise (visit 1), free combat simulation (3 × 3 min R, 1 minute rest), and blood samples collected before, during and after the combat (visit 2). : Respectively, females and males had (mean±SD; or median: for non-parametric data) body fat percentage (17.

Impact of Equation Choice on Resting Metabolic Rate Ratio in High-Level Men and Women Athletes.

Objective: To examine the impact of the RMR ratio cutoff point selected on the categorization of prevalence/absence of low energy availability among predictive equations in high-level athletes ( = 241 [99 women]; 52% competed at the World Championship and Olympic Games), and whether this categorization is influenced by sex and the predictive equation used.

Methods: We assessed RMR using indirect calorimetry, predicted the RMR using the equations proposed by Harris-Benedict, FAO/WHO/UNU, de Lorenzo, ten Haaf and Wejis, Wong, Jagim, Cunningham, and Freire, and computed the RMR ratio for each equation.

Results: We observed that the cumulative percentage of RMR ratio values increased at a faster rate using Jagim, ten Haaf and Wejis, and Cunningham equations compared to the other equations.

Creatine and creatinine quantification in olympic athletes: dried blood spot analysis pilot study.

Capillary dried blood spot (DBS) samples facilitate field-based collection without venipuncture. This pilot study aims to evaluate the viability of creatine (Cr) and creatinine (Crt) quantification using fresh capillary serum (Cr/Crt) and DBS samples (Cr/Crt), using Flow Injection Analysis Mass Spectrometry (FIA - MS). Nine Olympic Athletes provided a capillary blood sample to assess Cr/Crt and Cr/Crt quantified by FIA - MS.

New Predictive Resting Metabolic Rate Equations for High-Level Athletes: A Cross-Validation Study.

Purpose: The present study aims a) to assess the agreement between the measured resting metabolic rate (RMR) using indirect calorimetry and different predictive equations (predicted RMR), and b) to propose and cross-validate two new predictive equations for estimating the RMR in high-level athletes.

Methods: The RMR of 102 athletes (44 women) was assessed using indirect calorimetry, whereas the body composition was assessed using skinfolds. Comparisons between measured and predicted RMR values were performed using one-way ANOVA.

Heat Adaptation and Nutrition Practices: Athlete and Practitioner Knowledge and Use.

Purpose: To survey elite athletes and practitioners to identify (1) knowledge and application of heat acclimation/acclimatization (HA) interventions, (2) barriers to HA application, and (3) nutritional practices supporting HA.

Methods: Elite athletes (n = 55) and practitioners (n = 99) completed an online survey. Mann-Whitney U tests (effect size [ES; r]) assessed differences between ROLE (athletes vs practitioners) and CLIMATE (hot vs temperate).

New Predictive Resting Metabolic Rate Equations for High-Level Athletes: A Cross-validation Study.

Purpose: The present study aims a) to assess the agreement between the measured resting metabolic rate (RMR) using indirect calorimetry and different predictive equations (predicted RMR), and b) to propose and cross-validate two new predictive equations for estimating the RMR in high-level athletes.

Methods: The RMR of 102 athletes (44 women) was assessed using indirect calorimetry, while the body composition was assessed using skinfolds. Comparisons between measured and predicted RMR values were performed using one-way ANOVA.

Maximal and Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Responses to a Novel Graded Karate Test.

The present study aimed to propose and assess the physiological responses of a novel graded karate test. Ten male national-level karate athletes (age 26 ± 5 yrs; body mass 69.5 ± 11.

The estimation of the resting metabolic rate is affected by the method of gas exchange data selection in high-level athletes.

Background & Aims: there is no consensus in the literature about the best method to estimate the RMR in a high-level athlete's cohort. Additionally, a shortening protocol may allow researchers, nutritionists, and clinicians to follow the RMR across the season and to propose better nutritional interventions, but this kind of protocol was not proposed in this cohort yet. Thus, this study aims to analyze the effect of the method of gas exchange data selection upon the RMR estimate and, possibly propose a shortening protocol with a valid and accurate RMR value.

Validity of an Interval Taekwondo-Specific Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test.

Araujo, MP, Soares, PP, Hausen, MR, Julio, HS, Porto, F, and Gurgel, JL. Validity of an interval taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary exercise test. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1956-1963, 2021-The objective of this study is to propose and validate an interval taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary exercise test (ITKDtest) and compare it with running cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and a continuous taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary exercise test (CTKDtest).

Repeated Exposure to Taekwondo Combat Modulates the Physiological and Hormonal Responses to Subsequent Bouts and Recovery Periods.

Bridge, CA, Sparks, SA, McNaughton, LR, Close, GL, Hausen, M, Gurgel, J, and Drust, B. Repeated exposure to taekwondo combat modulates the physiological and hormonal responses to subsequent bouts and recovery periods. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2529-2541, 2018-This study examined the physiological and hormonal responses to successive taekwondo combats using an ecologically valid competition time structure.

Eliciting Higher Maximal and Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Responses During a New Taekwondo-Specific Aerobic Test.

Purpose: To propose and validate new taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary exercise tests.

Methods: Twelve male national-level taekwondo athletes (age 20 [2] y, body mass 67.5 [5.

Correction: Physiological responses and external validity of a new setting for taekwondo combat simulation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Proposal of a New Specific Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test for Taekwondo Athletes.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the cardiorespiratory variables of Taekwondo athletes while performing incremental exercise test on an ergometer using a ramp protocol and to propose a specific protocol for assessing these physiological variables during Taekwondo practice. Fourteen athletes participated in 2 incremental exercise tests: a treadmill exercise test (TREADtest) and a Taekwondo-specific exercise test (TKDtest). The TKDtest consists in 1-minute stages of kicks with an incremental load between then.

Physiological responses and external validity of a new setting for taekwondo combat simulation.

Combat simulations have served as an alternative framework to study the cardiorespiratory demands of the activity in combat sports, but this setting imposes rule-restrictions that may compromise the competitiveness of the bouts. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiorespiratory responses to a full-contact taekwondo combat simulation using a safe and externally valid competitive setting. Twelve male national level taekwondo athletes visited the laboratory on two separate occasions.