Apoptotic Switch in Cancer Stem Cells: A Potential Approach for Cancer Treatment.

Cancer diseases account for about 15% of deaths globally right now, and the percentage may increase in the future. There are more than 100 types of cancer, and each of them is distinct in its origin, microenvironment, growth, metastasis, and signalling pathways. Cancer stem cells are the specialised cells that make cancer more aggressive and difficult to treat.

Dysregulation of miRISC Regulatory Network Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the third leading malignancy worldwide, causing high mortality in adults and children. The neuropathology-associated gene AEG-1 functions as a scaffold protein to correctly assemble the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and optimize or increase its activity. The overexpression of oncogenic miRNAs periodically degrades the target tumor suppressor genes.

The absence of cellular glucose triggers oncogene AEG-1 that instigates VEGFC in HCC: A possible genetic root cause of angiogenesis.

Background And Objective: Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) is the master and multi-regulator of the various transcriptional factor primarily regulating chemoresistance, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion under the pathological condition, including liver cancer. This study was focused on investigating the process of tumor angiogenesis in liver carcinoma by studying the role of AEG-1 under GD/2DG conditions.

Method And Results: The PCR and western blot analysis revealed that glucose depletion (GD) induces the overexpression of AEG-1.

p-Coumaric acid attenuates alcohol exposed hepatic injury through MAPKs, apoptosis and Nrf2 signaling in experimental models.

Overconsumption of alcohol could lead to severe liver injury that connects with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Previously, we proved that p-coumaric acid prevents ethanol induced reproductive toxicity; however, p-coumaric acid (PCA) on ethanol mediated hepatotoxicity has not been examined yet. In our work, we sought to study the potential of PCA in contradiction of ethanol induced hepatoxicity which linking with MAPKs, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and Nrf2 signaling.

AEG-1/miR-221 Axis Cooperatively Regulates the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting PTEN/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading malignancy worldwide, causing mortality in children and adults. AEG-1 is functioned as a scaffold protein for the proper assembly of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to optimize or increase its activity. The increased activity of oncogenic miRNAs leads to the degradation of target tumor suppressor genes.

Protective effects of p‑coumaric acid on ethanol induced male reproductive toxicity.

Alcohol, a psychoactive drug is one of the lifestyle factors responsible for male infertility. Present study was carried out to investigate the ameliorative effect of p‑coumaric acid (PCA), a plant derived bioactive phenolic compound on alcohol induced chronic reproductive toxicity in male rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, each with six animals.

Identification of 2,4-dihydroxy-5-pyrimidinyl imidothiocarbomate as a novel inhibitor to Y box binding protein-1 (YB-1) and its therapeutic actions against breast cancer.

In spite of advances in breast cancer treatment and early diagnosis, drug toxicity, cancer relapse, multidrug resistance and metastasis are the major impediment to the developments of efficient drugs. However, unique druggable targets of cancer cells distinct from the normal cells provide new rationale in cancer treatment. Previous reports clearly emphasize the differential expression and localization of Y box binding protein-1 (YB-1) between normal breast tissues and different stages of breast cancer.

Doxorubicin-induced female reproductive toxicity: an assessment of ovarian follicular apoptosis, cyclicity and reproductive tissue histology in Wistar rats.

Doxorubicin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for various cancers, particularly for the female breast cancer patients. Although the rate of young female cancer patients is increasing every year, conversely the lack of knowledge of adverse effects of doxorubicin on female reproductive system insisted us to assess the toxic effects of doxorubicin on the female reproductive tissue histoarchitecture, cyclicity, and mammary glands in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into two groups depending on the treatment period, i.

Effect of sodium salt of Butrin, a novel compound isolated from Butea monosperma flowers on suppressing the expression of SIRT1 and Aurora B kinase-mediated apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.

The infrequent manifestation of SIRT1 and Aurora B kinase has shown to play a pivotal role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression by regulating Wnt signaling pathway. The present study investigates the signaling events that regulate the modulation of SIRT1 and Aurora B kinase expression and it's mediated cell proliferation in SW480 human primary adenocarcinoma CRC cells using Butea monosperma floral compounds (BMFC). In this, cell viability, mitochondrial mediated apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of Wnt pathway were examined.

Isocoreopsin: An active constituent of n-butanol extract of flowers against colorectal cancer (CRC).

The herb constitutes several human health beneficial components, which are mostly studied for their anticancer effects. In this study, the activity of n-butanol fractions of floral extract was examined on inhibiting aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation in azoxymethane induced Wistar albino rats. The n-butanol extracts (150 mg/kg) decreased the ACF formation (per rat) by 92% and 78% in short- and long-term in vivo treatments, respectively.

Targeting the interaction of Aurora kinases and SIRT1 mediated by Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer: A critical review.

The Aurora kinases belong to the family of serine/threonine kinase, a central regulator of mitosis and their expression increased during G2/M phase. It is classified into Aurora A, B and C, each has distinct roles in cellular processes, which includes regulation of spindle assembly, function of centrosomes, cytoskeleton and cytokinesis. During cancer growth, their rapid increase makes most attractive marker for cancer treatment at present.

In vitro antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing properties of a mononuclear copper(II) complex with dppz ligand, in two genotypically different breast cancer cell lines.

In the background that there is concerted effort to discover newer metal-based cancer chemotherapeutic agents that could overcome the limitations in cisplatin and that copper, a biocompatible and redox-active metal, offers potential as alternative to cisplatin, the present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro anti-proliferative properties of the mononuclear copper(II)complex [Cu(L)(diimine)] + where LH = 2-[(2-dimethylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol and diimine = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz) using breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (ER(+ve) and p53(WT)) and MDA-MB-231(ER(-ve) and p53(mutant)) when cisplatin was used as positive control. The complex affected the viability of both the cell lines in dose-as well as duration-dependent manner as revealed in the MTT assay. The 24 and 48 h IC50 of the complex were several times lesser than those of cisplatin, and within this huge difference the efficacy of the complex was much superior with MCF-7 cell compared to MDA-MB-231 cell.

The traditional Tibetan medicine Yukyung Karne exhibits a potent anti-metastatic activity by inhibiting the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cell migration.

Background: In Traditional Tibetan medicine, Yukyung Karne has been used for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Though Yukyung Karne has been reported to be clinically effective, the molecular mechanism of its anti-metstatic action remains elusive.

Methods: The cytotoxic property of Yukyung Karne was evaluated by crystal violet staining while its ability to induce ceramide production was analyzed by sphingomyelinase assay.

Overview of high-risk HPV's 16 and 18 infected cervical cancer: pathogenesis to prevention.

As general, the Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes the most sexually transmitted diseases. Among well categorized 80 types, the high-risk types HPV's 16 and 18 are highly involved in 70% of cervical cancer. The virulence of HPV is mainly exhibited by E5, E6 and E7 encoded oncoproteins that cause low to high-grade cervical lesions (CIN-1, 2, 3), leading to form 99.

Molecular insights into the anti-cancer properties of traditional Tibetan medicine Yukyung Karne.

Background: Yukyung karne (YK) is a traditional Tibetan formulation used for many centuries for the treatment of ovarian cancer. However, the pharmacological basis of its anticancer property is not well understood. In the present study, the anticancer property of YK was investigated in cell culture.

Inverse correlation of ribosomal protein S27A and multifunctional protein YB-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: The detection of possible correlation between ribosomal protein RPS27A and multifunctional YB-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Design And Methods: Tissue microarray slides containing totally 80 cores with 19 tissues of HCC, 1 tissue of hepatocholangiocarcinoma, 10 tissues of liver cirrhosis and 10 normal liver tissues in duplicates were analyzed for expression of RPS27A and YB-1 by immunohistochemistry.

Results: Among each of 10 LC and normal liver tissues all (100%) showed RPS27A positive expression but only 11 out of 19 HCC tissues (57.

The HBx protein of hepatitis B virus regulates the expression, intracellular distribution and functions of ribosomal protein S27a.

The pleiotropic HBx protein of hepatitis B virus is linked functionally to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via effectors and signalling pathways of the host. To identify such effectors in a macrocarcinogenic environment, a PCR-based cDNA subtraction analysis was carried out in the X15-myc oncomouse model of HCC. Altogether, 19 categories of genes, mainly involved in protein biosynthesis and the electron-transport chain, were found to be upregulated in the liver of these mice.

Anticancer and cytotoxic properties of the latex of Calotropis procera in a transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: To evaluate the anticancer property of the dried latex (DL) of Calotropis procera, a tropical medicinal plant, in the X15-myc transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma and to elucidate its mechanism of action in cell culture.

Methods: The young transgenic mice were orally fed with the aqueous suspension of DL (400 mg/kg for 5 d/wk) for 15 wk and their liver was examined for histopathological changes at 20 wk. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also measured in these animals.