Dysfunctional mucus structure in cystic fibrosis increases vulnerability to colibactin-mediated DNA adducts in the colon mucosa.

Colibactin is a recently characterized pro-carcinogenic genotoxin produced by . We hypothesized that cystic fibrosis (CF)-associated dysfunctional mucus structure increases the vulnerability of host mucosa to colibactin-induced DNA damage. In this pilot study, we tested healthy-appearing mucosal biopsy samples obtained during screening and surveillance colonoscopies of adult CF and non-CF patients for the presence of , and we investigated the possibility of detecting a novel colibactin-specific DNA adduct that has not been yet been demonstrated in humans.

Successful Treatment of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Using a Novel, Drinkable, Oral Formulation of Fecal Microbiota.

Background: Fecal microbiota transplants can be administered orally in encapsulated form or require invasive procedures to administer liquid formulations. There is a need for an oral liquid formulation of fecal microbiota for patients who are unable to swallow capsules, especially if they require multiple, repeated administrations.

Aims: These studies were conducted to develop a protocol to manufacture an organoleptically acceptable powdered fecal microbiota formulation that can be suspended in a liquid carrier and used for fecal microbiota transplantation.

Different airborne particulates trigger distinct immune pathways leading to peanut allergy in a mouse model.

Background: Environmental exposure to peanut through non-oral routes is a risk factor for peanut allergy. Early-life exposure to air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), is associated with sensitization to foods through unknown mechanisms. We investigated whether PM promotes sensitization to environmental peanut and the development of peanut allergy in a mouse model.

Peanut butter feeding induces oral tolerance in genetically diverse collaborative cross mice.

Background: Early dietary introduction of peanut has shown efficacy in clinical trials and driven pediatric recommendations for early introduction of peanut to children with heightened allergy risk worldwide. Unfortunately, tolerance is not induced in every case, and a subset of patients are allergic prior to introduction. Here we assess peanut allergic sensitization and oral tolerance in genetically diverse mouse strains.

Long term complications of costochondral graft reconstruction in temporomandibular joint ankylosis of the young- a systematic review.

Costochondral graft has been a popular reconstruction choice in the past for temporomandibular joint ankylosis in young individuals. However, accounts of growth hampering complications have also been observed. Our systematic review aims to compile all existing evidence to determine the occurrence of these unfavourable clinical outcomes as well as factors affecting them to provide a better judgement on further use of these grafts.

Management of paediatric ankylosis.

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJa) is one of the most crippling craniomaxillofacial pathological conditions characterized by replacement of normal architecture of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with fibrous or bony tissue. The incidence of TMJa is most common in the paediatric population [first and second decades of life] and is commonly associated with maxillofacial trauma. Comprehensive management entails a thorough evaluation of the associated anatomy of the ankylotic mass and other pertinent details like the presence or absence of obstructive sleep apnoea.

Differential hydrogen sulfide production by a human cohort in response to animal- and plant-based diet interventions.

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a toxic end-product of microbial fermentation produced in the colon that may play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. However, the effect of diet interventions on intestinal burden of HS gas exposure remains poorly understood.

Objective: Determine the effect of short-term (1-week) plant- and animal-based eating patterns on ex vivo fecal HS production in healthy human volunteers.

Corrigendum: Gut Microbiota Associated With Different Sea Lamprey () Life Stages.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.

Gut Microbiota Associated With Different Sea Lamprey () Life Stages.

Sea lamprey (SL; ), one of the oldest living vertebrates, have a complex metamorphic life cycle. Following hatching, SL transition into a microphagous, sediment burrowing larval stage, and after 2-10+ years, the larvae undergo a dramatic metamorphosis, transforming into parasitic juveniles that feed on blood and bodily fluids of fishes; adult lamprey cease feeding, spawn, and die. Since gut microbiota are critical for the overall health of all animals, we examined the microbiota associated with SLs in each life history stage.

Deep Learning Based Capsule Neural Network Model for Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Mammogram Images.

Breast cancer is a commonly occurring disease in women all over the world. Mammogram is an efficient technique used for screening and identification of abnormalities over the breast region. Earlier identification of breast cancer enhances the prognosis of patients and is mainly based on the experience of the radiologist in interpretation of mammogram with quality of image.

Role of Superficial Cervical Plexus Nerve Block as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthesia in the Maxillofacial Surgical Practice.

Purpose: Infiltration techniques are used as an adjuvant to regional anesthesia. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the superficial cervical plexus nerve block, as an alternative to local infiltration techniques; in the management of mandibular fractures and peri-mandibular space infections.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 24 patients having either mandibular fractures or peri-mandibular space infections; and were scheduled for surgery under regional anesthesia (eg, inferior alveolar nerve block, long buccal nerve block).

Methanogen Abundance Thresholds Capable of Differentiating In Vitro Methane Production in Human Stool Samples.

Background: Intestinal methane (CH) gas production has been associated with a number of clinical conditions and may have important metabolic and physiological effects.

Aims: In this study, taxonomic and functional gene analyses and in vitro CH gas measurements were used to determine if molecular markers can potentially serve as clinical tests for colonic CH production.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study involving full stool samples collected from 33 healthy individuals.

Influence of Environmental Stressors on the Microbiota of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha).

Host-associated microbiota play a critical role in host fitness by providing nutrition, enhancing digestion capabilities, and by providing protection from pathogens. Here, we investigated the effects of two environmental stressors, temperature, and salinity, on the microbiota associated with zebra mussels (ZMs), a highly invasive bivalve in North America. To examine this in detail, lake-collected ZMs were acclimated to laboratory conditions, and subjected to temperature and salinity stress conditions.

Sequence-enabled community-based microbial source tracking in surface waters using machine learning classification: A review.

The development of Microbial Source Tracking (MST) technologies was borne out of necessity. This was largely due to the: 1) inadequacies of the fecal indicator bacterial paradigm, 2) fact that many fecal bacteria can survive and often grow in the environment, 3) inability of traditional microbiological methods to attribute source, 4) lack of correspondence between numbers of fecal indicator bacteria in waterways and many human pathogens, and 5) source allocation requirements and load determinations needed for total maximum daily loads. The MST tools have changed over time, evolving from culture-dependent to culture-independent molecular analyses.

The effects of systemic proteolytic enzyme therapy on pain and swelling in third molar surgery equal to diclofenac therapy: a prospective randomized double blinded clinical trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if the timing of administration of systemic enzyme therapy [SET] has any effect on its efficacy in controlling postoperative sequelae of third molar surgery.

Study Design: A double blinded prospective randomized control trial was planned. The sample included patients requiring impacted mandibular third molar surgical extraction.

Is dermis fat arthroplasty better than plain gap arthroplasty? A prospective randomised controlled trial.

The aim of the study was to compare interpositional arthroplasty using a dermis fat graft with gap arthroplasty in the management of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We organised a prospective randomised study of 22 patients who presented with ankylosis of the TMJ. They were randomised to be treated with either plain gap arthroplasty or dermis fat arthroplasty, and the predictor variable was the method of treatment.

Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis Surgical Treatment Outcomes.

Aim: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) management involves many surgical treatment modalities depending on the experience of the operator. A lot of literature has been published on various treatment modalities. Many systematic reviews (SRs) were published without any published prior protocol.

The Pterygoid Hamulus Syndrome - An Important Differential in Orofacial Pain.

The purpose of this review was to document cases of pterygoid hamulus (PH) syndrome and to describe the various etiology, differential diagnosis, and management strategies so far reported in literature. Here, we also present two case reports of PH syndrome. A comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline database was done using MeSH terms such as "Pterygoid Hamulus," "Pterygoid Hamulus Syndrome," and "Hamular Bursitis" using various Boolean operators such as "AND" and "OR".

A Randomized Control Trial Comparing Buccal Infiltration of 4% Articaine with Buccal and Palatal Infiltration of 2% Lignocaine for the Extraction of Maxillary Premolar Teeth.

Introduction: The use of articaine has been claimed to obviate the need for routine palatal local anesthetic injections on account of its better diffusion through soft and hard tissues as compared to other local anesthetic agents.

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of 4% articaine (with 1:100,000 adrenaline) infiltrated only buccally in the extraction of maxillary premolars for orthodontic reasons.

Materials And Methods: A double-blind randomized clinical trial with a split-mouth design, where each patient ( = 100) was part of two groups, was conducted.

Dynamic shifts within volatile fatty acid-degrading microbial communities indicate process imbalance in anaerobic digesters.

Buildup of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in anaerobic digesters (ADs) often results in acidification and process failure. Understanding the dynamics of microbial communities involved in VFA degradation under stable and overload conditions may help optimize anaerobic digestion processes. In this study, five triplicate mesophilic completely mixed AD sets were operated at different organic loading rates (OLRs; 1-6 g chemical oxygen demand [COD] Lday), and changes in the composition and abundance of VFA-degrading microbial communities were monitored using amplicon sequencing and taxon-specific quantitative PCRs, respectively.

Indigenous soil bacteria and the hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata mediate phytoremediation of soil contaminated with arsenic species.

Arsenic (As) is a pollutant of major concern worldwide, posing as a threat to both human health and the environment. Phytoremediation has been proposed as a viable mechanism to remediate As-contaminated soil environments. Pot experiments were performed to evaluate the phytoextraction efficiency of As by Pteris vittata, a known As hyperaccumulating fern, from soil amended with different concentrations of arsenate [As(V)] and arsenite [As(III)], the more common, inorganic As forms in soil.

Current Orthognathic Practice in India: Do We Need to Change?

The last decade or so has seen paradigm shifts in the various aspects of orthognathic surgery. A lot of these changes are to do with digitalization of the orthodontic-surgical workflow, optimization of surgery-first protocols, virtual surgical planning-based 3D printing solutions and changing patient-health-care dynamics. The aim of this article is to provide evidence-based recommendations that are both practical and economically viable for the current orthognathic practice in India.

Modified Cut for Gap Arthroplasty in Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis.

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is a debilitating disease affecting the function, esthetics and psychology of the patient. Treatment of this condition aims at establishing not only the function and esthetics but also aims to prevent reankylosis. Among the different treatment modalities, interpositional gap arthroplasty followed by aggressive jaw physiotherapy is considered most effective.