Impact on Human Health of spp. and Their Lipopolysaccharides: Possible Therapeutic Role and Asymptomatic Presence Consequences.

Epidemiologically, one of the most important concerns associated with introducing spp. into the environment and food chain is the presence of asymptomatic carriers. The oncogenic and oncolytic activity of and their lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) is important and research on this topic is needed.

Low back pain prevention behaviors and beliefs among the Polish population in a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common problems of public health and creates a burden globally. The aim was to assess the Polish population's back pain prevention behaviors and beliefs and to examine how these health behaviors and beliefs vary across sociodemographic factors and physical activity.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 208 randomly selected patients of the public general practitioner clinic.

Value of cervicovaginal fluid cytokines in prediction of fetal inflammatory response syndrome in pregnancies complicated with preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM).

Background Preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) is associated with a high risk of prematurity and complications of fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS). The aim of the study is to determine any correlations between the concentration of selected cytokines contained in the cervicovaginal secretion eluates and in the umbilical cord plasma in patients with pPROM and to find the noninvasive markers of FIRS in order to pinpoint the optimal time of the delivery. Methods The study included 80 patients with pPROM between the 24th and 34th week of gestation.

HSD3B2, HSD17B1, HSD17B2, ESR1, ESR2 and AR expression in infertile women with endometriosis.

Objectives: The development of endometriosis is associated with changes in the expression of genes encoding the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (HSD3B2) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (HSD17B2), estrogen receptors 1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2) and the androgen receptor (AR). However, little is known about the expression of HSD3B2, HSD17B1, HSD17B2, ESR1 ESR2 and AR during the endometrial phases in eutopic endometrium from infertile women with endometriosis.

Material And Methods: Using RT-qPCR analysis, we assessed the expression of the studied genes in the follicular and luteal phases in eutopic endometrium from fertile women (n = 17) and infertile women (n = 35) with endometriosis.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) expression in eutopic endometrium of women with peritoneal endometriosis.

Introduction: The prevalence of endometriosis among reproductive age women is 7-17%; however, these figures reach 20-50% in patients suffering from infertility. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity is thought to be particularly essential in the early phases of endometriosis development. Any changes in the equilibrium between MMPs activity and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) could be potentially harmful, promoting endometriosis development.

Prediction of short-term newborn infectious morbidity based on maternal characteristics in patients with PPROM and Ureaplasma species infection.

Objectives: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) complicates about 5% of pregnancies. Ureaplasma species is the most common pathogen found in the amniotic fluid in pregnancieneonatal outcome. The aim of the following study was to evaluate the impact of colonization with the Ureaplasma spp.

[Concentration of pro-inflammatory interleukins in cervical secretions of women with PROM and in the umbilical cord blood of their newborns].

Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins in cervical secretions of women with PROM, depending on Ureaplasma spp. infection and the time elapsed since the rupture of the membranes, and to correlate their concentration in cervical secretions and in cord blood of the newborns.

Material And Methods: The study included 30 women with PROM between 24 and 33+6 weeks of gestation.

[Assessment of in vitro impact of low molecular weight heparin on expression of heparanase and heparin binding growth factors in the endometrium of women with impaired reproduction].

Unlabelled: Heparin has a beneficial effect in the treatment of recurrent miscarriages and positively affects implantation rates in the IVF procedure in women with reproductive disorders not associated with thrombophilia. Several studies have indicated that heparin, by blocking the enzymatic activity of heparanase, may affect the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and related growth factors. Disturbances in the remodeling (ECM) are believed to be the potential cause of implantation disorders and recurrent miscarriages.

Evaluation of the markers of inflammation in the umbilical cord blood of newborns of mothers with thrombophilia.

Objective: To answer the question as to whether the markers of thrombophilia in pregnant women, whose pregnancies ended in success, are reflected in the level of inflammation in the blood of the umbilical cord of the newborn.

Materials And Methods: Umbilical cord blood and placenta after childbirth were secured from 16 patients with inherited (n = 7), acquired (n = 9) thrombophilia, and control group (n = 20). The concentrations of cytokines IL1β, IL10, TNFα, C5a anaphylatoxin, and granzyme A were assessed.

Endometrial receptivity-- can it be diagnosed and controlled? And why does it matter?

Infertility remains a challenge to modern medicine. Despite extensive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, the achievement of pregnancy remains an elusive goal in some patients. The endometrium is one of the key factors in embryo implantation.

The efficiency of artificial insemination by husband sperm in infertile couples according to the revised WHO 2010 criteria.

Objectives: The object of our study was to assess the efficacy measured as achievement of pregnancy of artificial insemination with husband sperm in couples that fulfilled the WHO criteria for infertility.

Material And Methods: We have identified 120 patients that were diagnosed with infertility defined as at least one year of unprotected intercourse without achieving pregnancy After 2 year follow up the study group comprised 96 women and their partners. All couples had normal outcome of all standard infertility test, except for some with decline in sperm parameters that allowed the husband sperm to be used for fertilization in the IUI procedure according to the 2010 WHO guidelines.

Correlation of the expression of heparanase and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor in the implantation window of nonconceptual cycle endometrium.

Although it was suggested that heparanase (HPSE) may affect implantation and pregnancy, so far there have been no wide-ranging studies on the expression of and possible disturbances in the interactions between HPSE, heparan sulfate (HS) and related growth factors, such as heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the expression profile of both HPSE and HB-EGF can be associated with impaired reproduction in the endometrial implantation window, in the non-conception cycle. The study group consisted of 32 women with two or more unexplained, consecutive miscarriages, and 61 idiopathic infertility patients, while the control comprised of 22 women with normal reproductive potential.

Aberrant claudin-4 transcript levels in eutopic endometrium of women with idiopathic infertility and minimal endometriosis.

Introduction: Claudin-4 (CLDN4) is a transmembrane protein, responsible for cellular contact and organization. A different expression of claudin 4 in the endometrium, depending on the menstrual cycle and with peak at the aim of the 'implantation window', has been observed. CLDN4 is believed to play an important role in embryo implantation.

No correlation between pinopode formation and LIF and MMP2 expression in endometrium during implantation window.

Implantation depends on two factors - embryo and endometrium. The period of maximal endometrial receptivity is a poorly understood phenomenon. We decided to look at three possible markers of implantation: pinopodes, leukemia inhibitory factor, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and their correlations.

Assessment of the transcription levels for the complement activation control system in eutopic endometrium in women with two or more consecutive miscarriages of unknown etiology.

Human endometrium, deciuda and placenta have been shown to express factors that inhibit the complement activation cascade - decay-accelerating factor (DAF), membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and the C3 complement component. In the following study we have analyzed the transcripts levels for DAF, MCP and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), the C3 complement component and receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR1) as markers of endometrial unbalance between factors activating the complement system in women with consecutive miscarriages. Study enrolled 30 women with at least two consecutive miscarriages, and 19 healthly women, that comprised the control group.

Lack of varied endometrial expression of proprotein convertase 6 in infertile women with minimal grade endometriosis and idiopathic infertility.

Objective: Proprotein convertase 6 (PC6) is known to be the key enzyme involved in the transformation of many hormones, cytokines and their receptors into their active forms. Experimental in vitro studies have also proven that lack of PC6 in the endometrium prevents decidualisation. Therefore in our study we have aimed at determining whether infertility in some patients might be attributable to decreased expression of PC6.

TGF superfamily and MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1 genes expression in the endometrium of women with impaired reproduction.

During the putative "implantation window", a period of maximal endometrial receptivity that spans 7-9 days after ovulation, a series of changes on the structural and molecular level occur that render the endometrium susceptible to implantation for the human embryo. Many members of the TGFbetas are expressed by human endometrium at different stages of menstrual cycle. Also studies regarding the MMP2 gene expression and activity of MMP2 in the implantation window have shown a higher expression and activity of MMP2 in women with impaired fertility.

The impact of leukemia inhibitory factor in uterine flushing on the reproductive potential of infertile women--a prospective study.

Problem: To determine the value of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) assessment for predicting the reproductive outcome.

Method Of Study: Two phase study. Phase I: assessment of LIF in uterine flushing.

Could the defects in the endometrial extracellular matrix during the implantation be a cause for impaired fertility?

Problem: Assessment of concentration of the metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in the uterine fluid in women with idiopathic infertility and unknown cause for recurrent miscarriage.

Method Of Study: Uterine fluid obtained from patients with idiopathic infertility (n = 13), patients with unknown cause of recurrent miscarriages (n = 16) and healthy fertile women (n = 14). The assessment of MMP9, TIMP1, uPA, uPAR and LIF were performed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

In vivo correlation between IL-1beta concentration in uterine fluid and integrin expression pattern in infertile women.

Problem: To evaluate the possible correlation between interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and integrin expression.

Method Of Study: Endometrium and uterine fluid from 77 infertile women and 24 fertile, healthy control were studied with immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of IL-1beta and integrin alphaVbeta3 and alpha4beta1 expression.

Results: Highest expression of alphaVbeta3 was found in epithelium and glands in endometria from fertile women.

[Is glycodelin an important marker of endometrial receptivity?].

Objective: Glycodelin A (GdA) is viewed as a uterine endometrium receptivity marker. The expression of GdA in the endometrium is mirrored in uterine fluid and in the serum. Thanks to its immunosuppressive properties GdA might regulate mechanisms of fertilization, implantation and further development of the embryo.

The assessment of LIF in uterine flushing--a possible new diagnostic tool in states of impaired fertility.

The objective of this study was to assess the LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) concentration in uterine flushing and serum (ELISA) of women with proven fertility, infertile women and women with recurrent miscarriage. In addition, progesterone level was determined in serum. A decreased production of LIF in the uterine microenvironment was found in states of impaired fertility.

Apoptosis expression in rats' endometrium after surgical induction of endometriosis.

Objectives: Endometriosis is characterised as a presence of proliferating endometrial fragments growing outside uterus. Despite many investigations we still do not understand why in some women sheded endometrium implants itself into peritoneum and grows, and in the others does not. It is possible that apoptotic status of endometrial fragments implanted into peritoneum is responsible for endometriosis growth as well as the treatment results.