Influence of Virtual Reality Devices on Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Cystoscopy Performed under Local Anaesthesia.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Its diagnosis is based on transurethral cystoscopy. Virtual reality (VR) is a three-dimensional world generated through the projection of images, the emission of sounds and other stimuli.

Pain reduction methods during transurethral cystoscopy.

Transurethral cystoscopy (CS) is a common urological procedure, performed mostly for diagnostic but also for therapeutic purposes. Although CS is generally well tolerated, some patients describe the pain related to the procedure as high or even "unbearable". As a result, many patients fear and avoid both primary and/or follow-up cystoscopies.

Does restaging transurethral resection of bladder tumour influence outcomes in patients treated with BCG immunotherapy? 491 cases in 20 years' experience.

Introduction: Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide.

Aim: To analyse the influence of restaging transurethral resection of bladder tumour (reTURB) on outcomes in patients treated with BCG immunotherapy.

Material And Methods: We analysed a database of 491 patients who were treated in a Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) outpatient department between 1998 and 2016.

Does Mantoux Test Result Predicts BCG Immunotherapy Efficiency and Severe Toxicity in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate on a large group of patients whether Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) result is associated with BCG immunotherapy effectiveness and whether it can predict occurrence of moderate to severe toxicity.

Materials And Methods: We analysed group of 823 patients with intermediate and high risk NMIBCs who were treated with BCG. The study included 412 patients with the history TST and 411 without TST.

The Optimal Timing of Restaging Resection before Introduction of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Immunotherapy in Patients with High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Introduction: The study aimed to analyze the influence of restaging transurethral resection of bladder tumor (reTURB) timing on outcomes in patients receiving Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 491 patients with bladder cancer receiving BCG intravesical therapy between 1998 and 2016. All patients were followed up for at least 12 months and received at least 7 BCG instillations.