Characteristics of factors affecting axle load and friction forces in a wheelchair.

The aim of the presented research was to determine the impact of the position of the centre of gravity of the human-wheelchair system on the load on its axles. Experiments concerned measurements of the centre of gravity position and parameters related to wheelchair dynamics. This allowed for the determination of: the forces loading the wheelchair axles, the values of friction forces for individual wheels, and the demand for driving torque.

Ergonomic guidelines for the design interfaces of additive modules for manual wheelchairs: sagittal plane.

When designing wheelchair propulsion systems operated with the upper limb, there is a noticeable lack of ergonomic analyses informing about the areas on the wheelchair frame where hand-operated controls can be installed. With that in mind, a research goal was set to measure the areas of human hand reach within the area defined by the structural elements of a manual wheelchair. An ergonomic analysis was performed on a group of ten patients representing 50% of anthropometric dimensions.

Compression Strength of PLA Bolts Produced via FDM.

The aim of this research was to define the compression strength of polylactic acid bolts produced using the fused deposition modelling method. In accomplishing this, static and cyclic compression tests for different metric thread sizes were carried out in accordance with ISO 4014. Tests were conducted on M42, M48, M56, M60, and M64 threads, while samples with three different types of pitch-one nominal and two fine threads-were prepared for each diameter.

Evaluation of anti-rollback systems in manual wheelchairs: muscular activity and upper limb kinematics during propulsion.

Self-propelling a wheelchair up a hill requires intense muscular effort and introduces the risk of the wheelchair rolling down. The purpose of this paper was to assess the user's muscular activity during ramp climbing. Tests were carried out on a group of 10 subjects who had to propel a wheelchair up a standardized wheelchair ramp.

Influence of non-commercial fuel supply systems on small engine SI exhaust emissions in relation to European approval regulations.

The development and operation of road infrastructure require machines and equipment driven by low-powered internal combustion engines. In this study, we conducted emission tests on five small spark-ignition engines. We used the most popular commercial design on the market, the Lifan GX 390, with a carburettor power system, and another commercial power unit, the Honda iGX 390, with an innovative power system characterised by an electronically controlled carburettor flap.

Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Dry Ice Compression on the Poisson Ratio.

In the processing of waste materials, attention must be given to the efficient use of energy. The pelletization of dry ice is a good example of such processes. A literature review shows that in the pelletizers available on the market, the force applied in the process is excessive.

The Influence of Density on the Value of Young's Modulus for Dry Ice.

The efficiency of material consumption is an important consideration for production processes; this is particularly true for processes that use waste materials. Dry ice extrusion serves as a good example. An examination of the literature on this subject leads to an observation that the commercially available machines for dry ice compression are characterized by a high value of working force.

The Impact of the Human Body Position Changes During Wheelchair Propelling on Motion Resistance Force: A Preliminary Study.

The aim of this research was to analyze the impact of the human body position changes caused by propelling a wheelchair with the pushrim propulsion on the value of motion resistance force. The discussed research works are in progress; therefore, the presented results should be treated as preliminary. The research was carried out in the group of six volunteers propelling a wheelchair of which frame was inclined, in respect to the horizontal plane, under the angle of 0 deg, 7 deg, and 14 deg.

Magnetorheological Elastomer Stress Relaxation Behaviour during Compression: Experiment and Modelling.

Materials characterized by magnetorheological properties are non-classic engineering materials. A significant increase in the interest of the scientific community about this group of materials could be observed over the recent years. The results of research presented in this article are oriented on the examination of the said materials' mechanical properties.

Effects of the performance parameters of a wheelchair on the changes in the position of the centre of gravity of the human body in dynamic condition.

Purpose: The aim of this research is to establish whether, and to what extent, the tilt angle, gear ratio of the propulsion system and propulsion frequency of a wheelchair influence the position of the centre of gravity. Furthermore, it verifies the usefulness of such research using an original test stand.

Materials And Methods: The article presents the effects of three operational parameters of a wheelchair on the position of the centre of gravity of the human body.

An analytical model of the demand for propulsion torque during manual wheelchair propelling.

Purpose: The objective of the study is to build a mathematical model that will be used to determine the value of the propulsions torque required to drive a human-wheelchair system under varied conditions.

Materials And Methods: To this end, the mechanics of the system's movement were described with equations taking into account forces acting on it. As a result forces acting on individual axles of the wheelchair's wheels were determined.