Approaches to neuropathic amputation-related pain: narrative review of surgical, interventional, and medical treatments.

Background/importance: Neuropathic amputation-related pain can consist of phantom limb pain (PLP), residual limb pain (RLP), or a combination of both pathologies. Estimated of lifetime prevalence of pain and after amputation ranges between 8% and 72%.

Objective: This narrative review aims to summarize the surgical and non-surgical treatment options for amputation-related neuropathic pain to aid in developing optimized multidisciplinary and multimodal treatment plans that leverage multidisciplinary care.

Chemical toxic exposures and chronic ocular pain.

Chronic ocular pain is a common, debilitating chronic pain condition with significant morbidity and negative impact in patients' quality of life. Several, diverse types of insults to the ocular surface can lead to acute, and under certain conditions to chronic ocular pain, and these include toxic irritants. Exposure of ocular surface to toxic irritants, in addition to direct tissue injury, carries the capacity to generated intense immune and neuronal responses with hyper-excitability, sensitization and chronic pain.

Efficacy and Safety of Cervical and High-Thoracic Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation Therapy for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of the Upper Extremities.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate analgesic and safety considerations for high thoracic and cervical dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuromodulation for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). We hypothesized that DRG neuromodulation would provide sustained analgesia with complications like that of low thoracic or lumbar electrode implantation.

Materials And Methods: A single-center, retrospective study was conducted of patients with CRPS I or II of the upper extremities, refractory to previous therapies, who were treated with DRG neuromodulation in the upper thoracic and cervical spine.