Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio Is the Independent Prognostic Marker of Progression in Patients Undergoing BCG-Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer.

Introduction: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor with subsequent BCG immunotherapy is the current gold standard in the treatment of high risk and some medium-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Clinical factors like stage, grade, age and gender are well-know predictors of progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In recent years novel hematological biomarkers were shown to be independent predictors of progression.

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with Amplatz and Alken Dilators: An Eight-Year Single Tertiary Care Centre Experience.

BACKGROUND Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the standard procedure for patients with renal stones over 2 cm in diameter. We analyzed complications after this procedure focusing on two different methods of tract dilation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between August 2008 and April 2016 222 percutaneous nephrolithotomies were performed in a total of 208 patients.