Hemorrhagic adrenal cyst.

The authors present a case of a hemorrhagic adrenal cyst, one of the tumors known in literature as incidentalomas, emphasizing the clinical characteristics, since adrenal cysts or pseudocysts are generally rare and observed by chance during imaging procedures. Traditionally they are classified as pseudocysts, endothelial, epithelial or parasitic cysts. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has been considered the treatment of choice for benign, functioning or non-functioning adrenal lesions.

Validity of serum pepsinogen I/II ratio for the diagnosis of gastric epithelial dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia during the follow-up of patients at risk for intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma.

A cohort of individuals (n = 136) with lesions as severe as atrophic chronic gastritis (ACG) was cross-sectionally evaluated for the validity assessment of pepsinogen I (PGI) and pepsinogen II (PGII) serum levels for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastric dysplasia. PGI/PGII ratio [median (range)] was 4 (0.5-7.

Magnification chromoendoscopy for the diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia.

Background: The aim of this study was to define the reproducibility and accuracy of magnification chromoendoscopy for the diagnosis of lesions associated with gastric cancer (intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia).

Methods: A total of 136 patients with previously diagnosed lesions and 5 gastrectomy specimens were studied. Endoscopic examination was performed with a magnification endoscope after methylene blue (1%) spraying.