Modern stem cell therapy: approach to disease.

Various types of stem cells exist, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Considering the current available evidence, important preclinical and clinical studies regarding the therapeutic potential of stem cells, stem cell therapy might be the important strategy for tissue repair. The development of stem cell therapy for tissue repair has primarily relied on stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells.

Biological pathways involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease.

Apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis are three distinct functional types of the mammalian cell death network. All of them are characterized by a number of cell's morphological changes. The inappropriate induction of cell death is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases.

Repetitive domain of Clostridium difficile toxin B exhibits cytotoxic effects on human intestinal epithelial cells and decreases epithelial barrier function.

We have used recombinant repetitive domain of Clostridium difficile toxin B obtained from two different strains, rec-TcdB3(10463) and rec-TcdB3(8864) and a model intestinal epithelial cell line(s) to characterize their cytotoxic and cytopathic effect and influence on tight-junction organization. Both recombinant receptor binding domains caused intestinal epithelial cell damage, decreased transepithelial electrical resistance and induced translocation of ZO-1 from tight-junction proteins although less efficiently as holotoxins. Recombinant repetitive TcdB domains also caused stimulation of interleukin IL-8 synthesis in HT-29 cells.

Diversity of Clostridium difficile in pigs and other animals in Slovenia.

A study of Clostridium difficile diversity in pigs, calves and horses in Slovenia was conducted. A total of 547 samples were collected and C. difficile was isolated from 247/485 (50.

High diversity of Clostridium difficile genotypes isolated from a single poultry farm producing replacement laying hens.

Clostridium difficile is well established as a pathogen of horses, calves, and pigs, but little is known about its prevalence in poultry. In this study, chicken fecal samples were collected on four occasions from two populations being raised as layer replacements. Samples were examined by an enrichment culture method, and 38 of 61 (62.