Association of biomarker S100B and cerebral oximetry with neurological changes during carotid endarterectomy performed in awake patients.

: This study attempted to correlate neurological symptoms in awake patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) under local anaesthesia (LA) with serum concentration of S100B protein and measurement of cerebral oximetry with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). : A total of 64 consecutive CEAs in 60 patients operated under LA during an 18-month period were prospectively evaluated. A cerebral oximeter was used to measure cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO) before and after cross-clamping along with serum concentration of the S100B protein.

Neurophysiological monitoring of S1 root function during microsurgical posterior discectomy using H-reflex and spinal nerve root potentials.

Study Design: Tibial H-reflex and epidural recordings of the spinal nerve root potentials (SRP) of the S1 root were performed intermittently during microsurgical posterior discectomy.

Objective: To obtain reversible conduction dysfunction of dynamically retracted spinal nerve root S1 in an on-line manner to control the surgical manipulation and prevent iatrogenic root injury.

Summary Of Background Data: Excessive force and duration of nerve root retraction during posterior lumbar discectomy may result in additional nerve root injury and battered root syndrome.

H wave and spinal root potentials in neuromonitoring of S1 root function during evacuation of herniated disc: preliminary results.

Aim: To determine the changes in the tibial H reflex and spinal nerve root potentials (SRPs) of the S1 root during posterior discectomy and the effects of surgical manipulation.

Methods: Tibial H reflex responses (M and H waves) were intermittently recorded from the soleus muscle by surface electrodes during different stages of surgery in 5 patients with S1 radiculopathy. All patients had Achilles reflex preserved bilateraly and no paresis on manual strength testing preoperatively.