Characterization of Modified PVDF Membranes Using Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Microscopy and Infrared Nanoimaging: Challenges and Advantages of Individual Methods.

Polymer materials are integral to diverse scientific fields, including chemical engineering and biochemical research, as well as analytical and physical chemistry. This study focuses on the characterization of modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes from both physical and chemical perspectives. Unfortunately, current surface characterization methods face various challenges when simultaneously measuring diverse material properties such as morphology and chemical composition.