Correction: Efficiency, market concentration and bank performance during the COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from the MENA region.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Efficiency, market concentration and bank performance during the COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from the MENA region.

This study aims to contribute to the existing literature that explores the impact of market concentration on bank efficiency in emerging economies. Using a sample of 225 banks in 18 countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the period 2006-2020, we empirically investigate the significance of this relationship. Since the evidence of concentration effect on efficiency during the COVID-19 outbreak is ambiguous, we test the hypothesis that the efficiency is positively affected by the level of banking market concentration in the MENA region.

Competition, capital growth and risk-taking in emerging markets: Policy implications for banking sector stability during COVID-19 pandemic.

This paper investigates how banking competition and capital level impact on the risk-taking behavior of banking institutions in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The topic is perceived to be of significant importance during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use data for more than 225 banks in 18 countries in the MENA region to test whether increased competition causes banks to hold higher capital ratios.

Our Definition of Propeller Flaps and Their Classification.

The term was introduced for the first time by Hyakusoku to define an island flap, based on a subcutaneous pedicle hub, that was rotated 90 degrees to correct scar contractures due to burns. With the popularization of perforator flaps, the propeller movement was applied for the first time to a skin island vascularized only by an isolated perforator, and the terms and were used together. Thereafter, the surgical technique of propeller flaps evolved and new applications developed.

Reconstruction of elbow skin and soft tissue defects using perforator-pedicled propeller flaps.

Background: The elbow is a challenging region to reconstruct functionally. Several closure methods for elbow wounds have been reported, including flap surgery. Here, we present the results obtained using a propeller flap pedicled by a posterior ulnar recurrence artery perforator (PURAP) or a radial collateral artery perforator (RCAP) for functional reconstruction of soft tissue defects in elbows.

Combining the external fixation and microsurgical osteoseptocutaneous flap transplantation methods for limb salvage.

Background: The correction of large area limb defects that are the result of congenital abnormalities, traumatic injury, inflammation, or tumors is a challenging task for clinicians. The need to restore the physical, mechanical, and cosmetic aspects of the limb results in a difficult balancing act between deformity repair and tissue reconstruction, between the soft tissue and bone reconstructions, and between the physical, mechanical, and esthetic restorations.

Methods: Between 2003 and 2011, 59 patients with large area limb defects underwent 1- or 2-stage reconstructions that combined external fixation with microsurgical osteocutaneous flap transfer.

Reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the extremities with a pedicled perforator flap: series of 25 patients.

Since the introduction of perforator-based flaps, new flaps have been described for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the extremities. Pedicled perforator flaps, often called propeller flaps, are based on a single perforator and are local axial flaps that can be rotated up to 180(0) with the single perforator as the pivotal point. Pedicle perforator flaps have gained popularity because they have a shorter operating time than free flaps.

Search for a vectorlike quark with charge 2/3 in t+Z events from pp collisions at √s=7 TeV.

A search for pair-produced heavy vectorlike charge-2/3 quarks, T, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, is performed with the CMS detector at the LHC. Events consistent with the flavor-changing-neutral-current decay of a T quark to a top quark and a Z boson are selected by requiring two leptons from the Z-boson decay, as well as an additional isolated charged lepton. In a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.

Search for supersymmetry at the LHC in events with jets and missing transverse energy.

A search for events with jets and missing transverse energy is performed in a data sample of pp collisions collected at √s=7 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.14 fb(-1).

Search for new physics with a monojet and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV.

A study of events with missing transverse energy and an energetic jet is performed using pp collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data were collected by the CMS detector at the LHC, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1). An excess of these events over standard model contributions is a signature of new physics such as large extra dimensions and unparticles.

Search for B(s)(0) → μ+ μ- and B(0) → μ+ μ- decays in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV.

A search for the rare decays B(s)(0) → μ+ μ- and B(0) → μ+ μ- is performed in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV, with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.14 fb(-1), collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. In both cases, the number of events observed after all selection requirements is consistent with expectations from background and standard-model signal predictions.

Search for three-jet resonances in pp collisions at square root(s)=7 TeV.

A search for three-jet hadronic resonance production in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV has been conducted by the CMS Collaboration at the LHC, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35  pb(-1). Events with high jet multiplicity and a large scalar sum of jet transverse momenta are analyzed using a signature-based approach. The number of expected standard model background events is found to be in good agreement with the observed events.

Measurement of the t-channel single top quark production cross section in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV.

Electroweak production of the top quark is measured for the first time in pp collisions at √=7  TeV, using a data set collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36  pb⁻¹. With an event selection optimized for t-channel production, two complementary analyses are performed. The first one exploits the special angular properties of the signal, together with background estimates from the data.

Indications of suppression of excited Υ states in Pb-Pb collisions at √(s(NN))=2.76 TeV.

A comparison of the relative yields of Υ resonances in the μ(+)μ(-) decay channel in Pb-Pb and pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 2.76 TeV is performed with data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Using muons of transverse momentum above 4  GeV/c and pseudorapidity below 2.

Measurement of the polarization of W bosons with large transverse momenta in W + jets events at the LHC.

A first measurement of the polarization of W bosons with large transverse momenta in pp collisions is presented. The measurement is based on 36 pb⁻¹ of data recorded at √s = 7 TeV by the CMS detector at the LHC. The left-handed, right-handed, and longitudinal polarization fractions (f(L), f(R), and f₀, respectively) of W bosons with transverse momenta larger than 50 GeV are determined by using decays to both electrons and muons.

Search for neutral minimal supersymmetric standard model Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV.

A search for neutral minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) Higgs bosons in pp collisions at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The results are based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36  pb(-1) recorded by the CMS experiment. The search uses decays of the Higgs bosons to tau pairs.

Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at √7 TeV in events with two photons and missing transverse energy.

A search for supersymmetry in the context of general gauge-mediated breaking with the lightest neutralino as the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle and the gravitino as the lightest is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1) recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is performed by using events containing two or more isolated photons, at least one hadronic jet, and significant missing transverse energy.

Measurement of dijet angular distributions and search for quark compositeness in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV.

Dijet angular distributions are measured over a wide range of dijet invariant masses in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV, at the CERN LHC. The event sample, recorded with the CMS detector, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb⁻¹. The data are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of perturbative QCD, and yield no evidence of quark compositeness.

Search for pair production of second-generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV.

A search for pair production of second-generation scalar leptoquarks in the final state with two muons and two jets is performed using proton-proton collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb⁻¹. The number of observed events is in good agreement with the predictions from the standard model processes.

Search for pair production of first-generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV.

A search for pair production of first-generation scalar leptoquarks is performed in the final state containing two electrons and two jets using proton-proton collision data at √s = 7 TeV. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 33 pb⁻¹ collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The number of observed events is in good agreement with the predictions for the standard model background processes, and an upper limit is set on the leptoquark pair production cross section times β² as a function of the leptoquark mass, where β is the branching fraction of the leptoquark decay to an electron and a quark.

Dijet azimuthal decorrelations in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV.

Measurements of dijet azimuthal decorrelations in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using the CMS detector at the CERN LHC are presented. The analysis is based on an inclusive dijet event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.9 pb⁻¹.

Measurement of the B(+) production cross section in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV.

Measurements of the total and differential cross sections dσ/dp(T)(B) and dσ/dy(B) for B(+) mesons produced in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7  TeV are presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.8  pb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment operating at the LHC.