Evaluation of the glymphatic system in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis by measuring the diffusion along the perivascular space.

Background: In the inflammatory process of multiple sclerosis (MS) several toxic waste products are generated. The clearance of these products might depend on the glymphatic system; however, it's preserved function in MS is uncertain. Recently, it was suggested that this 'waste clearance' system can be examined by measuring the diffusion along the perivascular space (ALPS) index.

Imbalanced temporal states of cortical blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal variability during rest in episodic migraine.

Background: Migraine has been associated with functional brain changes including altered connectivity and activity both during and between headache attacks. Recent studies established that the variability of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal is an important attribute of brain activity, which has so far been understudied in migraine. In this study, we investigate how time-varying measures of BOLD variability change interictally in episodic migraine patients.