The relationship between bacterial sources and genotype to the antimicrobial resistance pattern of .

Background: Melioidosis is a fatal emerging infectious disease of both man and animal caused by bacteria . Variations were suggested to have existed among the different clinical strains/genotypes which may implicate bacterial susceptibility and resistance toward antibiotics.

Aim: This study was designed to determine whether the phenotypic antibiotic resistance pattern of is associated with the source of isolates and the genotype.

Phylogenetic Diversity of isolated from veterinary cases and the environments in Peninsular Malaysia.

This study was designed to determine the genotype and the phylogeny of isolated from veterinary cases and from the animal environments in Peninsular Malaysia. The Malaysian population were then compared to those found elsewhere. A total of 113 isolates from veterinary cases (35) and the environment (56 from soil and 22 from water) were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

Intestinal spirochaetes (Brachyspira spp.) colonizing flocks of layer and breeder chickens in Malaysia.

Avian intestinal spirochaetosis causes problems including delayed onset of lay and wet litter in adult chickens, and results from colonization of the caecae/rectum with pathogenic intestinal spirochaetes (genus Brachyspira). Because avian intestinal spirochaetosis has not previously been studied in South East Asia, this investigation was undertaken in Malaysia. Faecal samples were collected from 25 farms and a questionnaire was administered.

Brachyspira intermedia strain diversity and relationships to the other indole-positive Brachyspira species.

The aims of this study were to use multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to (i) investigate the population structure, diversity and molecular epidemiology of the weakly haemolytic anaerobic intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira intermedia, and (ii) determine the relationship of the species to the other two indole-positive but strongly haemolytic Brachyspira species--B. hyodysenteriae and "B. suanatina".