The incidence and risk factor for febrile urinary tract infection after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy in bladder cancer patients.

Introduction: Febrile urinary tract infections are major complications of radical cystectomy; however, their characteristics after robot-assisted radical cystectomy remain unclear. Thus, we investigated the rate, severity, pathogens, and risk factors of febrile urinary tract infections after robot-assisted radical cystectomy.

Patients And Methods: Patients who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy at three institutions between April 2018 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.

The change of detrusor contractility at 5 years after transurethral resection of the prostate: a single center prospective observational study.

Objective: To prospectively assess the impact of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) on detrusor function using pressure flow study (PFS) at 5 years after surgery in a single center prospective non-randomized observational study.

Methods: Sixty consecutive male patients were prospectively enrolled and underwent TURP from November 2014 to November 2018. A questionnaire survey, free uroflowmetry and PFS were performed at baseline, and 6, 24 and 60 months after surgery.

Efficacy and safety of enfortumab vedotin in older patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: A multicenter retrospective study.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of enfortumab vedotin therapy for a cohort of older Japanese patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma compared to younger patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with enfortumab vedotin and recruited between April 2019 and February 2023. Older patients were defined as being ≥75 years old.

Enteritis of the ileal conduit as an adverse event related to immune checkpoint inhibitor use.

Introduction: Gastroenterocolitis is one of the adverse events related to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, inflammation of the intestinal lesion used for urinary diversion is not well known as an adverse event related to their use.

Case Presentation: A patient with metastatic bladder cancer was administered pembrolizumab as second-line treatment.

Successful retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for thoracic kidney in a patient with ipsilateral ureteral cancer.

A thoracic kidney is a scarce type of ectopic kidney. We report the case of a 76-year-old man who developed cancer of the ureter, ipsilateral to the thoracic kidney. He presented with abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant.

Ideal cystoscopic interval after nephroureterectomy in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the appropriate cystoscopic interval after nephroureterectomy (NU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) using a hypothetical model.

Methods: A total of 155 patients who underwent NU in 15 years were retrospectively evaluated. Three hypothetical models for surveillance intervals were created: 3 (model 1), 6 (model 2) and 12 months (model 3).

Is seated voiding associated with lower urinary tract symptoms, health conditions, or marital status? Findings by age group from the 2023 Japan Community Health Survey.

Objectives: Seated voiding may be an attempt to obviate voiding dysfunction, improve physical stability during voiding, and prevent messy bathroom contamination. Therefore, we hypothesized that seated voiders had a higher prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), deteriorating health conditions, and a higher marriage rate than standing voiders.

Methods: Of the participants from the 2023 Japan Community Health Survey conducted by the Japanese Continence Society, 2936 men (mean age: 53.

Motherhood penalty for female physicians in Japan: evidence from a medical school's alumni data.

Background: Female physicians with children often work fewer hours and take fewer shifts due to additional family responsibilities. This can contribute to a gender pay gap in the medical profession. However, limited research in Japan has quantitatively examined the factors contributing to this gap.

Comparison of incidence of acute kidney injury after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with that after open retropubic and extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomies in patients with prostate cancer.

Background: We retrospectively evaluated the postoperative renal function in patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy to compare the incidences of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) among the patients who had undergone robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), and extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (exLRP).

Materials And Methods: Patients with prostate cancer who had undergone radical prostatectomy at our institution between 2008 and 2014 were included. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy was performed using an intraperitoneal approach in a 25-degree Trendelenburg position, whereas other procedures were performed with the patient in the supine position.

Which characteristics are associated with changes in medication status for lower urinary tract symptoms among patients with prostate cancer receiving external beam radiotherapy?

Background: We clarified the predictive factors for changes in the status of medications for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) 2 years after local radiotherapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively included patients who underwent local external radiotherapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer in 8 institutions between April 2001 and March 2016. Patients were divided into the medication and no-medication group based on the use of drugs for LUTS before radiotherapy.

Effect of HLA Genotype on Anti-PD-1 Antibody Treatment for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma in the SNiP-RCC Study.

Immune checkpoint blockade therapies are widely used for cancer treatment, including advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study aimed to investigate the impact of zygosity in HLA genes and individual HLA genotypes on the efficacy of an anti-PD-1 Ab, nivolumab, in treating advanced RCC. Patient enrollment was conducted across 23 institutions in Japan from August 19, 2019, to September 30, 2020, with follow-up concluding on March 31, 2021.

Pre-first-line chemotherapy risk stratification for overall survival in advanced urothelial carcinoma in sequential therapy era.

Purpose: To explore pre-treatment risk factors for overall survival (OS) in advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients treated with first-line (1L) chemotherapy in sequential therapy (ST) era. Additionally, to evaluate the proportion of patients who were not able to undergo subsequent immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy according to the subgroups stratified by the risk factors.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted.

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors causing hyperplasia of the prostate.

Prostatic hyperplasia is very common in elderly men and is a typical disease that reduces quality of life. Histologically, hyperplasia of the prostate gland causes obstruction at the bladder outlet, resulting in symptoms such as a weak urine stream. Various factors have been considered to cause histological enlargement of the prostate, but the underlying cause is still unknown.

[A Case of Neuropathic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Due to Spina Bifida Occulta Discovered at the Age of 19 Years and Successfully Treated with Multidisciplinary Therapy].

A 19-year-old man had been aware of dysuria and urinary incontinence since childhood but did not seek medical attention. He was diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis due to lower urinary tract dysfunction associated with spina bifida occulta and tethered cord syndrome (TCS) due to spinal cord lipoma. After placement of a urethral catheter and antibacterial chemotherapy, the patient was cured of acute pyelonephritis.

Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Previously Treated Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma from EV-301: A Phase 3 Trial of Enfortumab Vedotin Versus Chemotherapy.

Background And Objective: In comparison to chemotherapy, enfortumab vedotin (EV) prolonged overall survival in patients with previously treated advanced urothelial carcinoma in EV-301. The objective of the present study was to assess patient experiences of EV versus chemotherapy using patient-reported outcome (PRO) analysis of health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods: For patients in the phase 3 EV-301 trial randomized to EV or chemotherapy we assessed responses to the validated European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30) at baseline, weekly for the first 12 wk, and then every 12 wk until discontinuation.

Gap analysis between trainees' subjective competencies and the competencies expected by instructors in urology: A need assessment survey in Japan.

Objective: According to the rapid progress in surgical techniques, a growing number of procedures should be learned during postgraduate training periods. This study aimed to clarify the current situation regarding urological surgical training and identify the perception gap between trainees' competency and the competency expected by instructors in Japan.

Methods: Regarding the 40 urological surgical procedures selected via the Delphi method, we collected data on previous caseloads, current subjective autonomy, and confidence for future skill acquisition from trainees (<15 post-graduate years [PGY]), and the competencies when trainees became attending doctors expected by instructors (>15 PGY), according to a 5-point Likert scale.

[Two Cases of Retroperitoneal Synovial Sarcoma].

We experienced two cases of renal primary synovial sarcoma. Case 1: A 29-year-old man underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and was originally diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma. Case 2: A 25-year-old man was treated by open radical nephrectomy since radiographical findings indicated tumor invasion to the ureter causing hydronephrosis.