[A contribution of a pharmaceutical department to the safety management of an outpatient's cancer chemotherapy].

A concern about safety management is growing rapidly in the field of an outpatient's cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, the pharmaceutical department of Tokai University Hachioji Hospital has employed; (1) a system to check injection prescriptions accompanied by records of drug administration and (2) an injection drug preparation worksheet for a certain communication. The results that examined their usability were as follows: (1) a prescription check found a deviation of recipes from the protocol, then all of the deviations were revised, (2) use of the worksheet with an indicated cancellation line completely prevented preparation mistakes in the case of a prescription change.

Effect of repeated administration of morphine on the activity of extracellular signal regulated kinase in the mouse brain.

The present study was designed to determine whether chronic morphine treatment could influence the activity of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) in the mouse brain. The single subcutaneous injection of morphine produced profound antinociception and an increase in phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK) immunoreactivity in the pons/medulla, and these effects were blocked by a mu-opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone. The potency of antinociception induced by the second morphine injection at 24 h after the first morphine injection was similar to that by the first morphine injection.