Child psychological/emotional abuse and neglect: A definitional conceptual framework.

Purpose: This study developed a definitional conceptual framework to clarify the nature of the definitions of psychological/emotional abuse and neglect (PEA) and to test the efficacy of this framework by applying it to three different types of definitions.

Methods: The definitional conceptual framework was developed from conceptual issues addressed by the previous literature. The framework was then applied to three types of definitions: (i) abstract definitions in the literature describing what PEA is, (ii) operational definitions in practice guidelines provided for professionals, and (iii) research studies on professionals' definitions of PEA.

Direct label-free measurement of the distribution of small molecular weight compound inside thick biological tissue using coherent Raman microspectroscopy.

Distributions of small molecular weight (less than 300 Da) compounds inside biological tissue have been obscure because of the lack of appropriate methods to measure them. Although fluorescence techniques are widely used to characterise the localisation of large biomolecules, they cannot be easily applied to the cases with small molecule compounds. We used CARS spectroscopy to detect and identify a label-free small molecule compound.

A pilot three-month sitagliptin treatment increases serum adiponectin level in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus--a randomized controlled trial START-J study.

Background: The dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, including sitagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived circulating protein, has anti-atherosclerotic and anti-diabetic properties and is effectively elevated in bloodstream by thiazolidinediones, an insulin sensitizer. However, the effect of sitagliptin treatment on serum adiponectin level in T2DM has not fully elucidated in Japanese T2DM patients.

[A case of liver metastasis treated by cetuximab monotherapy with partial response].

Background: Cetuximab in Japan is currently approved as a second or more line therapy for advanced metastatic colorectal cancer.

Case: We report a case of liver metastasis of colon cancer effectively treated by cetuximab after the progression and prolonged neural toxicity of the prior chemotherapy including oxaliplatin and irinotecan. A 61-year-old female suffered from unresectable multiple liver metastases of sigmoid colon cancer.

[Survey of bone mineral density in residents of selected areas of Hiroshima prefecture: effects of age and constitution on bone mineral density].

Because the complications of decreased bone mineral density, such as femoral neck fractures and severe spinal deformities, have a strong impact on daily life, prevention has become more important than therapy. The present study included as subjects 771 women residing in Innoshima City, Sera-gun, and Mihara City, all in Hiroshima Prefecture. We determined bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and femoral neck of these women, measured their height and weight, and examined the effect of age and body mass index (BMI) on bone density rate (YAM%).