Chronic kidney disease monitoring in Australian general practice.

Background And Objectives: Kidney Health Australia recommends regular monitoring of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to reduce progression and prevent complications such as cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to examine how practice aligns with the recommendations in Kidney Health Australia's CKD guidelines.

Method: Australian general practice data from the NPS MedicineWise MedicineInsight program (1 January 2013 - 1 June 2016) for 19,712 adults with laboratory evidence of stage 3 CKD were analysed.

Variation in Documenting Diagnosable Chronic Kidney Disease in General Medical Practice: Implications for Quality Improvement and Research.

Background: National health surveys indicate that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly prevalent condition in Australia, placing a significant burden on the health budget and on the affected individuals themselves. Yet, there are relatively limited data on the prevalence of CKD within Australian general practice patients. In part, this could be due to variation in the terminology used by general practitioners (GPs) to identify and document a diagnosis of CKD.

Sex differences in obesity, dietary habits, and physical activity among urban middle-class Bangladeshis.

Background: The sustained economic growth in Bangladesh during the previous decade has created a substantial middle-class population, who have adequate income to spend on food, clothing, and lifestyle management. Along with the improvements in living standards, has also come negative impact on health for the middle class. The study objective was to assess sex differences in obesity prevalence, diet, and physical activity among urban middle-class Bangladeshi.

Undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension among the adults in rural Bangladesh: findings from a community-based study.

Objectives: This article reports the prevalence and prediction factors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension among the adults in rural Bangladesh.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of the major noncommunicable disease risk factors was conducted in rural surveillance sites of Bangladesh in 2005. In addition to the self-report questions on risk factors, height, weight, and blood pressure were measured using standard protocols of the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance.

Prevalence and determinants of pre-hypertension and hypertension among the adults in rural Bangladesh: findings from a community-based study.

Background: The people of low and middle income countries bear about 80% of the global burden of diseases that are attributable to high blood pressure. Hypertensive people contribute half of this burden; the rest is among the people with lesser degrees of high blood pressure. Prehypertension elevates the risk of CVD, and that of end-stage renal disease.

The training and fieldwork experiences of community health workers conducting population-based, noninvasive screening for CVD in LMIC.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is on the rise in low- and middle-income countries and is proving difficult to combat due to the emphasis on improving outcomes in maternal and child health and infectious diseases against a backdrop of severe human resource and infrastructure constraints. Effective task-sharing from physicians or nurses to community health workers (CHW) to conduct population-based screening for persons at risk has the potential to mitigate the impact of CVD on vulnerable populations. CHW in Bangladesh, Guatemala, Mexico, and South Africa were trained to conduct noninvasive population-based screening for persons at high risk for CVD.

Training and supervision of community health workers conducting population-based, noninvasive screening for CVD in LMIC: implications for scaling up.

Background: Community health workers (CHW) can screen for cardiovascular disease risk as well as health professionals using a noninvasive screening tool. However, this demonstrated success does not guarantee effective scaling of the intervention to a population level.

Objectives: This study sought to report lessons learned from supervisors' experiences monitoring CHW and perceptions of other stakeholders regarding features for successful scaling of interventions that incorporate task-sharing with CHW.

Hypertension: adherence to treatment in rural Bangladesh--findings from a population-based study.

Background: Poor adherence has been identified as the main cause of failure to control hypertension. Poor adherence to antihypertensive treatment is a significant cardiovascular risk factor, which often remains unrecognized. There are no previous studies that examined adherence with antihypertensive medication or the characteristics of the non-adherent patients in Bangladesh.

How much salt do adults consume in climate vulnerable coastal Bangladesh?

Background: Evidence from numerous studies suggests that salt intake is an important determinant of elevated blood pressure. Robust data about salt consumption among adults in Bangladesh is sparse. However, much evidence suggests saline intrusion due to sea level rise as a result of climate change exposes more than 20 million people to adverse effects of salinity through the food and water supply.

High prevalence of chronic kidney disease in a community survey of urban Bangladeshis: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) will rise in parallel with the growing prevalence of type two diabetes mellitus in South Asia but is understudied. Using a cross-sectional survey of adults living in a middle-income neighborhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh, we tested the hypothesis that the prevalence of CKD in this group would approach that of the U.S.

High prevalence of type 2 diabetes among the urban middle class in Bangladesh.

Background: The prevalence of type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome are increasing in the developing world; we assessed their prevalence among the urban middle class in Bangladesh.

Methods: In this cross-sectional survey (n = 402), we randomly selected consenting adults (≥ 30 years) from a middle-income neighborhood in Dhaka. We assessed demography, lifestyle, and health status, measured physical indices and blood pressure and obtained blood samples.

Sources and prevalence of self-reported asthma diagnoses in adults in urban and rural settings of Bangladesh.

This study provides data on the sources of asthma diagnoses in the adult Bangladeshi population in urban and rural settings. The paper also reports the prevalence of self-reported asthma diagnoses and associated socio-demographic factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three communities: two rural settings and one urban setting, with a total sample size of 32,665 subjects.

Cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies between 1995 and 2010.

Background: Belief is that chronic disease prevalence is rising in Bangladesh since death from them has increased. We reviewed published cardiovascular (CVD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) studies between 1995 and 2010 and conducted a meta-analysis of disease prevalence.

Methods: A systematic search of CVD and T2DM studies yielded 29 eligible studies (outcome: CVD only = 12, T2DM only = 9, both = 8).

Diagnosis of chronic conditions with modifiable lifestyle risk factors in selected urban and rural areas of Bangladesh and sociodemographic variability therein.

Background: Bangladesh suffers from a lack of healthcare providers. The growing chronic disease epidemic's demand for healthcare resources will further strain Bangladesh's limited healthcare workforce. Little is known about how Bangladeshis with chronic disease seek care.

Prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity among elderly people in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.

Data on multimorbidity among the elderly people in Bangladesh are lacking. This paper reports the prevalence and distribution patterns of multimorbidity among the elderly people in rural Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among persons aged > or = 60 years in Matlab, Bangladesh.

The metabolic syndrome: prevalence, associated factors, and impact on survival among older persons in rural Bangladesh.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) among older persons in rural Bangladesh, to investigate whether the prevalence varies by age, sex, literacy, marital status, nutritional status and socio-economic status, and to assess the impact of MetS on survival.

Methods: The study consisted of 456 persons who were aged ≥60 years living in a rural area of Bangladesh during July 2003-March 2004. Data were collected through interview, clinical examination, and laboratory tests, and their survival status until 30(th) June 2009 was ascertained through the Matlab surveillance system.

Earning their keep: the productivity of older women and men in rural Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh, being active and able to participate in productive activities is often essential to ensure ongoing health and survival. This study aims to describe and explore the patterns of participation in productive activities by older people in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh. Data from a cross sectional survey of people over 60 years of age was utilised.

Mini Nutritional Assessment of rural elderly people in Bangladesh: the impact of demographic, socio-economic and health factors.

Objective: In stating the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations aims to halve malnutrition around the world by 2015. Nutritional status of the elderly population in low-income countries is seldom focused upon. The present study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of malnutrition among an elderly population in rural Bangladesh.