Exploring and addressing the sexual and reproductive health and other related rights of transgender women in Bangladesh: A mixed methods protocol under the policy analysis framework.

Introduction: Transgender women (hijra) in Bangladesh are declared as a separate gender category by the Government. However, research revealed that they experience transphobia, which could potentially affect their physical and mental health outcomes, and their access to SRHR-related care. This warrants an exploration of their SRHR-related rights issues, particularly using a community-engaged approach.

Burkitt's Lymphoma with an Unusual Cardiac Involvement: A Case Report.

Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), a variety of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is uncommon in India. Cardiac involvement in sporadic BL is rare. Cardiac involvement may be primary or a part of a systemic disease process.

Developing and testing community-based tuberculosis (TB) screening intervention to increase TB referral, case detection and knowledge among sexual minority people in urban Bangladesh: a mixed-method study protocol.

Introduction: Although Bangladesh is a country of generalised tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, the HIV prevalence is low among general populations, and 3.9% among key populations. Despite the high possibility of HIV-TB coinfection, scientifically tested approaches for increasing TB case detection among sexual minority people are yet to be developed and implemented in Bangladesh.

Hepatitis C virus treatment in people who inject drugs (PWID) in Bangladesh.

Background: Given the considerable social marginalization experienced by people who inject drugs (PWID), treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in this population presents unique challenges. This study assessed the feasibility of treating HCV infection with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications among PWID receiving harm reduction services from a Drop-in-Center in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods: In this prospective study conducted between December 2016 and May 2018, 200 PWID with either recent injecting drug use (i.

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Street-Based and Residence-Based Female Sex Workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) in Bangladesh remain at elevated risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) although the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among them is low. Recent information on the burden and etiological diagnosis of STIs among them has been lacking. This study examines prevalence and risk behaviors of selected STIs among FSWs in Dhaka in 2014.

Point of care HIV testing with oral fluid among returnee migrants in a rural area of Bangladesh.

Objectives: To determine HIV prevalence and assess the acceptability of HIV testing using oral fluid as a point of care (PoC) test method among returnee migrants in a rural area of Bangladesh.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: Matlab is a rural area southeast of Dhaka where icddr,b hosts a health and demographic surveillance system covering 225,826 people of whom 934 are returnee migrants.

Factors associated with relapse into drug use among male and female attendees of a three-month drug detoxification-rehabilitation programme in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a prospective cohort study.

Background: To determine relapse rates and associated factors among people who use drugs (PWUDs) attending abstinence-oriented drug treatment clinics in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods: A cohort of male and female PWUDs admitted to the 3-month drug detoxification-rehabilitation treatment programmes of three non-governmental organisation-run drug treatment clinics in Dhaka, Bangladesh were interviewed on admission and over the following 5 months, which included the first 2 months after discharge. The study subjects comprised 150 male and 110 female PWUDs who had been taking opiates/opioids, cannabis or other drugs (including sedatives) before admission, had provided informed consent and were aged ≥16 years.

Stereoselective cyclotrimerization of enantiopure iodonorbornenes catalyzed by Pd nanoclusters for C(3) or C(3v) symmetric syn-tris(norborneno)benzenes.

C(3) or C(3v) symmetric enantiopure syn-tris(norborneno)benzenes with various functional groups were synthesized through Pd-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of enantiopure iodonorbornenes. The generality of Pd-catalyzed cyclotrimerization for syn-tris(norborneno)benzenes were well-demonstrated.

Prevalence of infections, HIV risk behaviors and factors associated with HIV infection among male injecting drug users attending a needle/syringe exchange program in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Injecting drug users (IDU) in Bangladesh are at the early stages of an HIV epidemic. To understand the dynamics of the HIV epidemic, male IDU (n = 561) were recruited from the needle/syringe exchange program in Dhaka in 2002, who underwent a risk-behavior survey and were tested for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B. Correlates of HIV infection were determined by conducting bivariate and multiple regression analyses.

The effectiveness of respondent driven sampling for recruiting males who have sex with males in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of respondent driven sampling (RDS) to sample males who have sex with males (MSM) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A major objective for conducting this survey was to determine whether RDS can be a viable sampling method for future routine serologic and behavioral surveillance of MSM as well as other socially networked, hard to reach populations in Bangladesh. We assessed the feasibility of RDS (survey duration; MSM social network properties; number and types of initial recruits) to recruit a diverse group of MSM, the efficacy of an innovative technique (systematic coupon reduction) to manage the implementation and completion of the RDS recruitment process and reasons why MSM participated or did not participate.

Vulnerability to HIV infection among sex worker and non-sex worker female injecting drug users in Dhaka, Bangladesh: evidence from the baseline survey of a cohort study.

Background: Very little is known about female injecting drug users (IDU) in Bangladesh but anecdotal evidence suggests that they are hidden and very vulnerable to HIV through both their injection sharing and sexual risk behaviors. In order to better understand the risks and vulnerability to HIV of female IDU, a cohort study was initiated through which HIV prevalence and risk behaviors was determined.

Methods: All female IDU (those who had injected in the last six months and were 15 years or older) who could be identified from three cities in the Dhaka region were enrolled at the baseline of a cohort study.

Use of family planning services in the transition to a static clinic system in Bangladesh: 1998-2002.

Context: In rural Bangladesh, family planning services--previously provided through household visits and satellite clinics--were transferred to static community clinics under the government's sectoral program for 1998-2003, but the next sectoral program reversed the change without a formal evaluation. It is important to assess changes in utilization and coverage to inform further development of the service delivery system.

Methods: Longitudinal data on use of family planning services and contraceptive methods were collected quarterly in 1998-2002 from married women in about 11,000 households in two rural surveillance areas--Abhoynagar and Mirsarai.