Blackening of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by atomic hydrogen and the effect of coexistence of water on the blackening.

A fast blackening process of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by exposing to atomic hydrogen was studied by estimating the color of the nanoparticles. The whiteness of TiO decreased exponentially with time, which suggests a first-order reaction between atomic H and surface oxygen, whose rate constant is proportional to the ambient pressure of H. The rate constant increases as the temperature of nanoparticles at exposing to atomic hydrogen.

Two charged states of hydrogen on the SrTiO3(001) surface.

The effects of hydrogen exposure on the electronic structure of two types of SrTiO3(001) surfaces, oxygen-deficient (OD) and nearly-vacancy-free (NVF) surfaces, were investigated with ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and nuclear reaction analysis. Upon molecular hydrogen exposure to the OD surface which reveals in-gap states at 1.3 eV below the Fermi level, the in-gap state intensity was reduced to half the initial value at a hydrogen coverage of 0.

Knudsen layer formation in laser induced thermal desorption.

Laser induced thermal desorption of Xe atoms into vacuum from a metal surface following the nano-second pulsed laser heating was investigated by the time-of-flight (TOF) measurement. The desorption flow was studied at a wide range of desorption flux by varying the initially prepared Xe coverage Θ (1 ML = 4.5 × 10(18) atoms/m(2)).

Control of the surface electronic structure of SrTiO3(001) by modulation of the density of oxygen vacancies.

The influence of electron irradiation and the subsequent oxygen adsorption on the electronic structure of an SrTiO3(001) surface was investigated by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). Electron irradiation induced an in-gap state (IGS) as observed by UPS keeping the surface 1 × 1, which is considered to originate from oxygen vacancies on the topmost surface due to the electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of oxygen. Electron irradiation also caused a downward shift of the valence band maximum, indicating downward band bending and the formation of a conductive layer on the surface.

Apparatus for time-resolved and energy-resolved measurement of internal conversion electron emission induced by nuclear resonant excitation with synchrotron radiation.

A high-energy and large-object-spot type cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) was constructed with the aid of electron trajectory simulations. By adopting a particular shape for the outer cylinder, an energy resolution of 7% was achieved without guide rings as used in conventional CMAs. Combined with an avalanche photodiode as an electron detector, the K-shell internal conversion electrons were successfully measured under irradiation of synchrotron radiation at 14.