Interconnecting EDOT-Based Polymers with Native Lignin toward Enhanced Charge Storage in Conductive Wood.

The 3D micro- and nanostructure of wood has extensively been employed as a template for cost-effective and renewable electronic technologies. However, other electroactive components, in particular native lignin, have been overlooked due to the absence of an approach that allows access of the lignin through the cell wall. In this study, we introduce an approach that focuses on establishing conjugated-polymer-based electrical connections at various length scales within the wood structure, aiming to leverage the charge storage capacity of native lignin in wood-based energy storage electrodes.

Evaluation of Gartland Classification, Baumann Angle and Anterior Humeral Line in Paediatrics Supracondylar Fractures: An Inter and Intra-Observer Reliability Study.

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are frequent paediatric injuries. The aims of this study were to evaluate the applicability and reproducibility of the Gartland and Wilkins classification, the Baumann angle (BA) and the Anterior Humeral Line (AHL). This retrospective monocentric observational study was conducted on 217 patients.

Anterolateral congenital tibial bowing: case report.

Background: The treatment of congenital curvatures (bowing) of the tibia still represents a challenging problem for all pediatric orthopedic surgeons because of its unpredictable course, especially if pseudoarthrosis occurs after a pathologic fracture of the tibia.

Case Presentation: We describe the case of a child affected by an isolated curvature of his left leg. The congenital malformation was discovered at birth and no other pathological clinical finding was present.

Conservative treatment in Scheuermann's kyphosis: comparison between lateral curve and variation of the vertebral geometry.

Background: Conservative treatment in the Scheuermann's kyphosis obtain, during skeletal growth, remodelling of the deformed vertebras. In a previous paper on Scheuermann's kyphosis, we have studied the geometry variations of all vertebrae included in the curve, before and after the treatment. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effectiveness of conservative treatment in Scheuermann's kyphosis and was to evaluate and compare the variation of the vertebral geometry with the curve trend in Cobb degrees, before and after conservative treatment.

Brace technology thematic series: the progressive action short brace (PASB).

Background: The Progressive Action Short Brace (PASB) is a custom-made thoraco-lumbar-sacral orthosis (TLSO), devised in 1976 by Dr. Lorenzo Aulisa (Institute of Orthopedics at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy). The PASB was designed to overcome the limits imposed by the trunk anatomy.

Pridie's marrow stimulation technique combined with collagen matrix for cartilage repair. a study in a still growing sheep model.

The study assessed the spontaneous repair of large critical full-thickness defects (FTD) in not mature and still growing sheep model and compared repaired tissue after Pridie's technique to the same technique combined with type I collagen matrix. Thirty-six FTD were divided into group 1 (untreated), group 2 (treated according to Pridie's technique with 10.2 as value ratio of marrow stimulation), and group 3 (treated using Pridie's marrow stimulation technique, and covered by a type I collagen matrix) .

The effects of anterior cruciate ligament lesion on the articular cartilage of growing goats.

Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in skeletally immature patients is controversial. The growth plate could be damaged if treated with the reconstruction techniques used to treat instability in adults. For this reason, many authors postpone surgical treatment until skeletal maturity, but the acceptable length of time that treatment can be postponed without causing irreversible damage to the articular cartilage in children with ACL injury is unknown.

Segond fracture with anterior cruciate ligament tear in an adolescent.

The authors report a case of acute knee injury in a 14-year-old teenager. The X-ray showed a so-called Segond's fracture: a small avulsed bone fragment, elliptical in shape, lying immediately below the external tibial plateau, a few millimeters from the lateral tibial cortex. The fracture site was in the portion of the tibial condyle which is linked to the middle third of the lateral capsule by meniscal tibial fibers.

Quality of life of patients operated on for lumbar stenosis: a long-term follow-up.

Background: We evaluated a sample of 28 patients surgically treated for lumbar stenosis (LS) four years after the first evaluation (length of the first follow-up mean 44.6 months, range 15-88) in order to evaluate the long-term follow-up of Quality of Life (QoL) after surgical treatment as LS may greatly impair the patients' QoL. We previously assessed QoL in 30 patients operated on for LS four years before, by performing a retrospective follow-up through the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36).

Quality of life, clinical and neurophysiological picture in patients operated on for lumbar stenosis.

Background: In lumbar stenosis (LS) patients, clinical, neuroradiological and neurophysiological findings were not related to validated measurements of the outcomes that are more relevant to patients such as functional status and symptoms.

Method: We have retrospectively studied 30 patients surgically treated for LS. We have evaluated the patients by means of self-administered questionnaires (SF-36), clinical examination, and neuroradiological and neurophysiological measurements and we have registered preoperative and follow-up clinical and neurophysiological findings.

Biomechanics of the conservative treatment in idiopathic scoliotic curves in surgical "grey-area".

The biomechanical behaviour of the spine significantly varies in relation to the age of the spine. Particularly, the elastic behaviour of the intervertebral discs has been proved to change during the spine growth, which changes the disc reaction to externally imparted forces. The biomechanical analysis of the G modulus of torsion rigidity of the intervertebral disc shows that the G values progressively increase through growth, which favours the progression of early scoliotic curves.

Study of vertebral morphology in Scheuermann's kyphosis before and after treatment.

Variation of vertebral morphology in Scheuermann's Kyphosis before and after orthopedic treatment is usually measured by the entity of the curve, using Cobb's method, and by vertebral wedging. But the lack of correlation between these parameters and the clinical evolution of the deformity, lead to the possibility of other alterations that can explain part of the kyphosis deformities before and after the treatment. In this group of alterations the inclination of anterior and posterior walls, that express the trapezoid deformity of vertebras, seem to be more reliable indicators of curve response to ortopedic treatment.

Health-related quality of life after surgical treatment for lumbar stenosis.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective study using the Short Form-36 Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36), clinical examination, and neuroradiologic and neurophysiologic measurements.

Objectives: To evaluate patient outcomes, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and clinical and neurophysiologic picture in a follow-up study of surgery for lumbar stenosis (LS).

Summary Of Background Data: In LS patients, clinical, neuroradiologic, and neurophysiologic findings were not related with validated measurement of the outcomes that are more relevant to patients such as functional status and symptoms.

Lumbar nerve root "walled" by a calcified herniated mass in a young patient.

Introduction: Discal calcification in childhood is rare. Calcifications are occasionally discovered during routine examinations, especially in the cervical spine. Generally, the calcification process is confined to the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc.

[Pott disease: current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches].

Spinal tuberculosis, or Pott's disease, has been known since ancient times; it was a common orthopaedic illness until 1950, but the progress of specific therapies confined it to third word countries; its resurgency in recent years in developed countries is due to drug resistance, immigration from endemic areas, and an increase in immunodeficient patients. Spinal disease is found in about 1% of all tuberculosis cases. Modern treatment consists of a diagnostic phase, based on clinical findings and imaging exams, and of a medical and surgical therapy.