A retrospective cohort study of the impact of COVID-19 infection control measures on surgical site infections in an academic hospital setting.

Previous studies show that both the frequency of surgeries and incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) have been lower during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study's purpose is to analyse the possible association of the COVID-19 epidemic-related increased health measures, such as protective equipment and products, increased hand hygiene and restrictions imposed, on the incidence of SSIs in an academic medical centre. We designed a single-centre, retrospective cohort study and collected data on the frequency of surgeries and the incidence of SSIs, among patients who had surgeries pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic.

The impact of rivastigmine on post-surgical delirium and cognitive impairment; a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Delirium is an acute and transient disorder of brain function that often occurs in post-surgical patients. Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor drug that has been proposed as an adjuvant drug in recent years, still, despite significant theoretical evidence, few clinical studies have been performed on its impact on delirium.

Aim: Due to the widespread use of cholinesterase inhibitors in pediatric and adult surgery, the present study aims to investigate the impact of Rivastigmine as a cholinesterase inhibitor on delirium after radical surgery.

The Effect of Aspirin on the Prevention of Pro-thrombotic States in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Systematic Review.

Introduction: Thromboembolic events are one of the important complications in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe cases. Aspirin affects platelet function by irreversibly inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity, reducing the risk of thrombosis. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate aspirin's effectiveness in preventing pro-thrombotic states in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.

The Effect of Exogenous Surfactant on Moderate and Severe Stages of COVID-19 Induced ARDS: the Pilot Study of a Clinical Trial.

COVID-19 pandemic has created a global health challenge. Many pharmaceuticals have been repurposed as potential treatments, though many have not been promising. Due to the inflammatory and destructive effects of the virus on alveolar cells, the effect of exogenous surfactant was assessed as a potential treatment of lung dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.

Residency Education Reform Program in Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care: An Academic Reform Model.

Background: Reform in medical education is a basic process in every academic department, especially in residency programs.

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the indices of education and research as part of the Medical Education Reform program (MERP) in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (DACC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) for four years.

Methods: MERP in DACC, SBMU was designed and implemented as a modern academic reform model; different outcome measures in education and research were assessed to demonstrate the effects of the reform plan in academic improvements.

Evaluation of One-Day Multiple-Choice Question Workshop for Anesthesiology Faculty Members.

Background: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are used commonly to evaluate medical health students. Most novice educators tend to create poor quality, flawed, and low-cognitive-level questions. Therefore, there is a need for educating the assessors to maximize the quality of MCQs and evaluations.

Attitudes of the Third-Year Clinical Anesthesiology Residents Toward an Independent Clinical Practice Rotation in COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran.

Background: COVID-19 was a worldwide pandemic with international health emergencies and great challenges; health care personnel shortage and physician burnout is a potential major challenge that should be planned and managed; especially in those countries with a high COVID-19 occurrence.

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the attitudes of 3rd-year anesthesiology residents toward an independent one month-length clinical care course for patients with COVID-19.

Methods: A closed self-administered questionnaire was developed to assess the attitudes of 3rd-year clinical anesthesiology residents.

Fibrinogen prophylaxis for reducing perioperative bleeding in patients undergoing radical cystectomy: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Objective: Excessive bleeding is an important complication of radical cystectomy. We aimed to assess whether preoperative administration of fibrinogen decreases perioperative bleeding and improves the outcome of radical cystectomy.

Design: Double-blinded randomized trial with two parallel arms.

A Case-Control Study of the 2019 Influenza Vaccine and Incidence of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Workers.

Purpose: The influenza vaccine is essential in reducing the influenza burden, especially among healthcare workers (HCW). Experimental studies suggest both coronaviruses and influenza viruses engage with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) and tetraspanin antibodies, and that ACE 2 tetraspanin antibodies in turn may inhibit both coronavirus and low-pathogenicity influenza A viruses (LP IAV) infections. This study aims to investigate the potential clinical association between receiving the 2019 influenza vaccine and the incidence of COVID-19 among HCW.

The effect of surfactant on clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 under mechanical ventilation: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Assessing the effect of surfactant on clinical outcome in patients with COVID-19 under mechanical ventilation TRIAL DESIGN: Single centre, two arm, parallel group (1:1 allocation ratio), randomised superiority trial with blinded care and outcome assessment.

Participants: Inclusion criteria: Adult COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU in Modarres hospital, Tehran, Iran (age range of 18 to 99 years) with moderate to severe ARDS (based on definition of P/F ratio) requiring auxiliary respiratory devices (either intubation or face mask).

Exclusion Criteria: ● Existence of a major underlying pulmonary disease in addition to COVID-19 ● Underlying congenital heart disease ● Patients needing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) ● ARDS primarily due to any other reason rather than COVID-19 ● The primary source of pulmonary involvement was bacterial pneumonia or any other etiology except for COVID-10 induced lung involvement ● Those who refused to continue the study (either the patient or their family) ● any patient had any sign of healing before entering the study leading to discharge from ICU in less than 12 hours INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: In the intervention group, the dose of the drug is a vial containing 4 ml, equivalent to 100 mg, which is prescribed for an adult weighing about 70 kg each time, and if the patient's weight is much lower or higher, it will be adjusted accordingly.

Performing Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy without using Fiberoptic Bronchoscope.

Background: Percutaneous tracheostomy is an elective method that is increasingly being taken up in the intensive care unit alongside the patient's bed. In many centers, bronchoscopy is used, but the necessity of using bronchoscopy in percutaneous tracheostomy has not yet been determined. Discontinuing use of bronchoscopy can potentially reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of percutaneous tracheostomy.

Attitudes of Anesthesiology Residents Toward a Small Group Blended Learning Class.

Background: Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has been used to evaluate the residents' competency; however, the thriving of residents needs especial training methods and techniques. Small group learning has been used for this propose.

Objectives: This study assessed the attitudes of CA-1 to CA-3 anesthesiology residents toward level-specific small-group blended learning.

The effects of doxapram on time to tracheal extubation and early recovery in young morbidly obese patients scheduled for bariatric surgery: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Bariatric surgery is a well established treatment of the obese. Postoperative respiratory failure and airway obstruction after bariatric surgery can often be attributed to the residual depressant effects of anaesthetics, sedatives and opioids. Peri-operative management of morbidly obese patients is still a concern for operating room professionals.

Spinal Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation in Lung Resected Patient: A Case Report.

Renal transplantation is among the definitive therapies for treatment of patients with "End-Stage Renal Disease" (ESRD). Proper anesthesia should be considered in patients who undergo renal transplantation. On the other hand, anesthesia in patients with single lung is an ever challenging issue.

Improving the Training Process of Anesthesiology Residents Through the Mentorship-Based Approach.

Background: Although mentoring has been accepted as an effective and nourishing component in medical learning, known mentoring programs for the residents are lacking in most countries.

Objectives: To evaluate the mentoring program for anesthesiology residents at Shahid Beheshti University, an examination was designed to explore the styles of mentoring programs, as well as the aims and outcome followed by such programs.

Methods: In October 2016, Anesthesiology Department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences enrolled all the nine educational wards in "mentorship program".

A Comparison between the i-gel® and air-Q® Supraglottic Airway Devices Used for the Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia with Muscle Relaxation.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare two supraglottic airway (SGA) devices (i.e., the i-gel® © Intersurgical Ltd and air-Q® (Reusable) Cookgas company) in terms of the insertion time, amount of leak during ventilation with maximum positive pressure, and postoperative complications in patients referring to Modarres Hospital in Tehran.

Nonadherence to CPAP Associated With Increased 30-Day Hospital Readmissions.

Study Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine if nonadherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is associated with increased 30-day all-cause, cardiovascular-cause, and pulmonary-cause hospital readmissions.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study at a Veterans Affairs hospital of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who were hospitalized from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2015. Odds ratio of 30-day readmission was calculated for all-cause, cardiovascular-cause, and pulmonary-cause readmissions.

The Effect of Intraoperative Alkali Treatment on Recovery from Atracurium-Induced Neuromuscular Blockade in Renal Transplantation: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Intraoperative care and anesthesia method in patients undergoing allograft renal transplantation surgery are very necessary. Acid-base imbalance can alter neuromuscular blockade and recovery time.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acid-base balance on atracurium blockade in renal transplantation.

Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Screening and Treatment of Precancerous Lesions for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common gynecological malignancy in Saudi women with an estimated incidence rate of 1.9 cases per 100 000 women-years. More than 40% of cervical cancer cases are diagnosed at advanced stages due to lack of a routine screening program in Saudi Arabia.

New developments in intrauterine device use: focus on the US.

Many more women in the US today rely upon intrauterine devices (IUDs) than in the past. This increased utilization may have substantially contributed to the decline in the percentage of unintended pregnancies in the US. Evidence-based practices have increased the number of women who are medically eligible for IUDs and have enabled more rapid access to the methods.

Synthesis and evaluation of multi-wall carbon nanotube-paclitaxel complex as an anti-cancer agent.

Aim: The aim of this study was to design multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) anti-cancer drug and investigate its anti-cancerous efficacy of human gastric cancer.

Background: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represent a novel nano-materials applied in various fields such as drug delivery due to their unique chemical properties and high drug loading.

Patients And Methods: In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) pre-functionalized covalently with a paclitaxel (PTX) as an anti-cancer drug and evaluated by different analyses including, scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size analyzer and cellular analyses.

Targeting of BUB1b Gene Expression in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsies of Invasive Breast Cancer in Iranian Female Patients.

Detection of micrometastasis in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is a very useful tool for appropriate assessment of the clinical stage of disease in breast cancer patients. Early identification of clinically relevant disease could lead to early treatment or staging approaches for breast cancer patient. Micrometastases in SLNs of women with invasive breast cancer are of great significance in this context.

Detection of Superior Markers for Polymerase Chain Reaction Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Micrometastasis in Sentinel Lymph Nodes.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women around the world, and mortality is primarily caused by micro-metastatic disease. The complex mechanisms of breast cancer invasion and metastasis are intrinsically related to the malignant cell type so that early detection of micro-metastases can help prolongation of survival for patient. The aim of the present research work was evaluation of the expression status of mammoglobin protein as a candidate molecular marker in the negative sentinel lymph node (SLN).