[Guideline: Auditory Processing and Perception Disorders: Diagnostics : S1-Guideline of The German Society of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology].

In accordance with international consensus papers, auditory processing disorders (APD) are defined as disorders of central processes of hearing. Following the establishment of a commission of experts from the German Society for Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, the existing S1 guideline was revised and updated. In this chapter, a position is taken on the clinical diagnostics of APD as well as on the delimitation of similar disorders.

Auditory processing in children with specific language impairments: are there deficits in frequency discrimination, temporal auditory processing or general auditory processing?

Background/aims: Specific language impairment (SLI) is believed to be associated with nonverbal auditory (NVA) deficits. It remains unclear, however, whether children with SLI show deficits in auditory time processing, time processing in general, frequency discrimination (FD), or NVA processing in general.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-seven children (aged 8-11) with SLI and 27 control children (CG), matched for age and gender, were retrospectively compared with regard to their performance on five NVA skills in terms of just noticeable differences (JND) and time order judgments (TOJ).

Pedaudiologic findings after severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB) above 20 mg/dl (NHB20) has been shown to increase the risk of hearing impairments. Up to now, audiological findings based on behavioural audiometry (BA), otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) from children after being diagnosed with NHB20 have not been thoroughly compared to those with lower NHB-levels. We, therefore, aimed to assess the presence and characteristics of auditory dysfunction in children with NHB20.

[WITHDRAWN: [Significance of Stapedius Muscle Reflex Measurement in Diagnosing Auditory Processing Disorders.]].

BACKGROUND: Stapedius muscle reflexes (SMR) are among the objective procedures which are used in the diagnostics of auditory processing disorders (APD). The significance of SRM for APD-diagnosis is open up to now. METHOD: Twenty-six children (8 - 10 years) with diagnosed APD and a control group of 17 children the same age were examined in order to determine whether differences with regard to the mean SMR (sine tones or band pass noise) exist between groups.

[Münchner screening of auditory perception disorders (MAUS)].

Background: The diagnosis of APD (Auditory Perception Disorder) is a time consuming procedure. In Germany at the present, no screening test for APD exists which makes it possible to differentiate between children who are not likely to suffer from an APD and those who need to be diagnosed in detail.

Method: The Munich Auditory Screening of Perception Disorders (MAUS) contains the following subtests: Series of Syllables, Words in Noise and Identification and Differentiation of Phonemes (test duration: 15 minutes).

[Delay in the development of the auditory pathways. A differential diagnosis in hearing impairment in young infants].

Background: Due to the increased frequency of screening tests in new-born infants, the number of subsequent examinations of very young children has increased in the Departments of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology. To exclude hearing loss in young children, click stimulated brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) and otoacoustic emission tests are, in general, considered to be reliable methods. However, pathologic BERA thresholds and pathologic hearing reactions have been observed occasionally in young infants who show improved and even normal hearing reactions in subjective and objective hearing tests after some months.

Cerebellar speech representation: lesion topography in dysarthria as derived from cerebellar ischemia and functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Lesion topography and the pathophysiological background of dysarthria due to focal cerebellar lesions have not yet been fully clarified.

Objectives: To investigate the lesion topography of dysarthria due to cerebellar ischemia and evaluate brainstem functions.

Design: Case studies.

[Acoustic schwannoma with progressive hearing loss in children. A case report].

Background: Neurinomas of the vestibulocochlear nerve unrelated to neurofibromatosis in children are extremely rare. Only 20 cases in children under the age of 16 are reported in the literature. Progressive unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo and neurological deficits due to cranial nerve or brainstem compression are clinical signs.

[Cogan-I-syndrome. A rare differential diagnosis in progressive sensorineural hearing loss].

We report on two patients affected by Cogan's syndrome since infancy.Cogan's syndrome is described as the association of abrupt or intermittent worsening of vestibulo-auditory function and non-syphilic interstitial keratitis or, in patients with "atypical" Cogan's syndrome, various severe, inflammatory eye diseases. The first patient was affected with different inflammatory eye diseases from her fifth year and became blind in one eye when she was 7 years old.

[Cogan-I-syndrome.A rare differential diagnosis in progressive sensorineural hearing loss].

We report on two patients affected by Cogan's syndrome since infancy.Cogan's syndrome is described as the association of abrupt or intermittent worsening of vestibulo-auditory function and non-syphilic interstitial keratitis or, in patients with "atypical" Cogan's syndrome, various severe, inflammatory eye diseases.The first patient was affected with different inflammatory eye diseases from her fifth year and became blind in one eye when she was 7 years old.

[Expert assessment of oropharyngeal dysphagia].

The number of patients with chronic dysphagia is increasing as more patients with neurologic diseases and carcinomas of the head and neck can be successfully treated and survive. The expert assessment of a dysphagia should be based not only on anamnestic data, as proposed by the German guidelines "Anhaltspunkte für die ärztliche Gutachtertätigkeit im sozialen Entschädigungsrecht und nach dem Schwerbehindertengesetz," but also on clinical, endoscopic, and radiologic examinations. Modern procedures of treatment enable us to prevent aspiration or insufficient nutrition; nevertheless, dysphagia causes severe limitations for the patients.

Dysarthria in acute ischemic stroke: lesion topography, clinicoradiologic correlation, and etiology.

Background And Purpose: Although dysarthria is a frequent symptom in cerebral ischemia, there is little information on its anatomic specificity, spectrum of associated clinical characteristics, and etiologic mechanisms.

Methods: An investigation of 68 consecutive patients with sudden onset of dysarthria due to a single infarction confirmed by MRI or CT was conducted.

Results: Dysarthria was associated with a classic lacunar stroke syndrome in 52.