Breast cancer risk among thyroid cancer survivors and the role of I-131 treatment.

Background: Female thyroid cancer survivors are more likely to have a higher risk of breast cancer compared to the general population, and the underlying causes are yet to be understood. The potential role of I-131 treatment on this association remains controversial.

Methods: We pooled individual data of women who were treated for differentiated thyroid cancer from 1934 to 2005 in France, Italy and Sweden.

Evaluating 2-[F]FDG-PET in differential diagnosis of dementia using a data-driven decision model.

2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (2-[F]FDG-PET) has an emerging supportive role in dementia diagnostic as distinctive metabolic patterns are specific for Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Previous studies have demonstrated that a data-driven decision model based on the disease state index (DSI) classifier supports clinicians in the differential diagnosis of dementia by using different combinations of diagnostic tests and biomarkers. Until now, this model has not included 2-[F]FDG-PET data.

Reciprocal Incremental Value of 18F-FDG-PET and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients Suspected for Alzheimer's Disease and Inconclusive First Biomarker.

Background: In Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and FDG-PET sometimes give inconclusive results.

Objective: To evaluate the incremental diagnostic value of FDG-PET over CSF biomarkers, and vice versa, in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and suspected AD, in which the first biomarker resulted inconclusive.

Methods: A consecutive series of MCI patients was retrospectively selected from two Memory Clinics where, as per clinical routine, either the first biomarker choice is FDG-PET and CSF biomarkers are only used in patients with uninformative FDG-PET, or vice versa.

Incremental value of amyloid-PET versus CSF in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: To compare the incremental diagnostic value of amyloid-PET and CSF (Aβ42, tau, and phospho-tau) in AD diagnosis in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia, in order to improve the definition of diagnostic algorithm.

Methods: Two independent dementia experts provided etiological diagnosis and relative diagnostic confidence in 71 patients on 3 rounds, based on (1) clinical, neuropsychological, and structural MRI information alone; (2) adding one biomarker (CSF amyloid and tau levels or amyloid-PET with a balanced randomized design); and (3) adding the other biomarker.

Results: Among patients with a pre-biomarker diagnosis of AD, negative PET induced significantly more diagnostic changes than amyloid-negative CSF at both rounds 2 (CSF 67%, PET 100%, P = 0.

Head-to-Head Comparison among Semi-Quantification Tools of Brain FDG-PET to Aid the Diagnosis of Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Several automatic tools have been implemented for semi-quantitative assessment of brain [18]F-FDG-PET.

Objective: We aimed to head-to-head compare the diagnostic performance among three statistical parametric mapping (SPM)-based approaches, another voxel-based tool (i.e.

Case of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) evolved to PCA-CBS.

A 68-year-old lawyer developed insidious disturbances in topographic orientation and apraxia. He underwent a geriatric evaluation, only documenting slight cognitive disturbances, and a 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), showing mild right-lateralised frontoparietal hypometabolism. After 1 year, because of worsening in spatial orientation and the onset of dressing apraxia, he was referred to our memory clinic.

Plasma antioxidants and brain glucose metabolism in elderly subjects with cognitive complaints.

Purpose: The role of oxidative stress is increasingly recognized in cognitive disorders of the elderly, notably Alzheimer's disease (AD). In these subjects brain(18)F-FDG PET is regarded as a reliable biomarker of neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that oxidative stress could play a role in impairing brain glucose utilization in elderly subjects with increasing severity of cognitive disturbance.

Determining the appropriate time of execution of an I-131 post-therapy whole-body scan: comparison between early and late imaging.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the appropriate time for performing an iodine-131 post-therapy whole-body scan (TxWBS) through a qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of early and late scans.

Materials And Methods: This study evaluated pairs of scans of 134 patients who underwent TxWBS on the third and seventh day. The scans were analyzed to evaluate sites, intensity of uptake, concordance or discordance between the scans, relationship with risk factors, and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels.

Targeted therapies for advanced thyroid cancer.

Purpose Of Review: Thyroid cancer incidence has significantly increased and the majority of cases are represented by differentiated thyroid carcinomas that are characterized by a very good prognosis. Nevertheless, after initial treatment up to 15% of patients present disease persistence or relapse and those with locally advanced or metastasized cancers that do not respond to established therapies ultimately risk death. This scenario has started to change following the development of molecular targeted therapies.

Recombinant thyrotropin use in children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

Context: Although recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) is widely used in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) to aid diagnostic follow-up procedures and radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation, almost all clinical investigation was in adults.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize rhTSH clinical safety and peak TSH response in DTC patients 18 yr old or younger.

Design And Setting: We conducted a retrospective study involving 23 tertiary referral centers in 12 European, Asian, and Oceanian countries.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules.

Thyroid nodules are common and are frequently benign. Current data suggest that the prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules is 3% to 7% in North America; the prevalence is as high as 50% based on ultrasonography (US) or autopsy data. The introduction of sensitive thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH) assays, the widespread application of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, and the availability of high-resolution US have substantially improved the management of thyroid nodules.

Are there disadvantages in administering 131I ablation therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma without a preablative diagnostic 131I whole-body scan?

Objective: To evaluate the risk of performing inappropriate (131)I ablative therapies for thyroid carcinoma in patients lacking thyroid remnants or metastases, using a strategy of treatment without a preliminary iodine-131 diagnostic whole-body scan (DxWBS).

Design: Retrospective evaluation of post-therapy whole-body scans to assess the prevalence of thyroid remnants or metastases after total thyroidectomy. Comparison of (131)I uptake test and thyroglobulin (Tg) off levothyroxine (L-T4) performed before therapy with post-therapy scans, in order to evaluate the ability to predict inappropriate treatments.