Safety of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Administration in Children With Immunodeficiency and/or Comorbidities With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Clinical Report.

Introduction: Despite the generally mild course of COVID-19 in children, immunocompromised patients may experience complications or severe infection. This study reports the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients treated with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir (N/R) for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: We retrospectively reported the data of children with any immunodeficiency with COVID-19 who received N/R treatment between March 2022 and June 2023 at the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital.

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale for the Italian Paediatric Population.

Background: Chewing is a fundamental motor activity, but there is no specific assessment tool in Italian for paediatric rehabilitation. The Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS) is a performance-based assessment tool that allow to classify chewing performance in childhood.

Objective: To translate, culturally adapt and assess reliability, criterion validity and cross-cultural validity of the KCPS into Italian in a paediatric population.

Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Acute Bronchiolitis Respiratory Failure in a Pediatric Ward: Is It a Replicable Experience?

(1) Background: Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (H-CPAP) has primarily been used in intensive care settings to treat moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis in infants. We aim to report on the feasibility of H-CPAP for selected infants with bronchiolitis in a pediatric ward. (2) Methods: A retrospective, observational, consecutive case series was studied of 26 patients who received H-CPAP on the pediatric ward from October 2022 to February 2023, including a description of patient outcomes and costs.

The Effects of Physical Activity and the Consequences of Physical Inactivity in Adult Patients with Congenital Heart Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 500 million people worldwide. Several measures have been taken to reduce the spread of the virus and the saturation of intensive care units: among them, a lockdown (LD) was declared in Italy on 9 March 2020. As a result, gyms, public parks, sports fields, outdoor play areas, schools, and multiple commercial activities have been closed.

Euterpe music therapy methodology and procedure algorithms.

Introduction: As highlighted by the scientific literature, music therapy (MT) represents a significant non-pharmacological intervention within neurorehabilitation programs. MT offers benefits in the recovery process and enhances the quality of life for patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. A review of the literature reveals a lack of MT models focusing on real-time personalized composition using electronic music techniques.

The impact of vaccine hesitancy on psychological impairment among healthcare workers in a Total Worker Health approach.

Introduction: Vaccination practice is a well-known individual protective measure for biological risk in healthcare. During the COVID-19 pandemic vaccine hesitancy has grown among healthcare workers (HCWs). The study aims to investigate how vaccine hesitancy influences the psychological burden experienced by healthcare workers.

Assessment and Rehabilitation Intervention of Feeding and Swallowing Skills in Children with Down Syndrome Using the Global Intensive Feeding Therapy (GIFT).

Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) experience more difficulties with oral motor skills, including chewing, drinking, and swallowing. The present study attempts to measure the preliminary effectiveness of Global Intensive Feeding Therapy (GIFT) in DS. GIFT is a new rehabilitation program addressing the specific difficulties and needs of each child, focusing on sensory and motor oral abilities.

Pancreatic Stone Protein in the Diagnosis of Sepsis in Children Admitted to High-Dependency Care: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Blood level of pancreatic stone protein (PSP) is a promising biomarker of sepsis both in adults and children. The aim of our study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of PSP in children with suspected sepsis and to compare diagnostic performance with other sepsis biomarkers approved for clinical use, that is, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Design: Prospective study.

First Evidence of Streptococcus pyogenes M1 UK Clone in Pediatric Invasive Infections in Italy by Molecular Surveillance.

Invasive group A streptococci infections are increasing worldwide, mainly due to the emm1 lineage M1 UK emergence. Although this variant has recently been described in adult Italian patients, its circulation in children has not yet been established. Characterizing by whole genome sequencing 6 invasive group A streptococci strains isolated between 2022 and 2023, we highlighted M1 UK lineage circulation in pediatric patients in Italy.

Evaluating associations between patient-to-nurse ratios and mortality, process of care events and vital sign documentation on paediatric wards: a secondary analysis of data from the EPOCH cluster-randomised trial.

Objective: To describe the associations between patient-to-nurse staffing ratios and rates of mortality, process of care events and vital sign documentation.

Design: Secondary analysis of data from the evaluating processes of care and outcomes of children in hospital (EPOCH) cluster-randomised trial.

Setting: 22 hospitals caring for children in Canada, Europe and New Zealand.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Emergency Hospitalizations for Acute Respiratory Infections: The Experience of a Paediatric Tertiary Care Hospital in Italy.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major healthcare issue in children. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic changed the epidemiology of ARIs; the aims of this study are to characterize the epidemiological trend of ARI emergency hospitalizations and virology results and to estimate the association of ARI emergency hospitalizations with respiratory viruses from January 2018 to June 2023.

Methods: This study was carried out in an Italian tertiary care children's hospital (Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital).

Pediatric ultrasound practice in Italy: an exploratory survey.

Background: The aim of this exploratory survey is to describe the current state of US (ultrasound) technique across different pediatric settings nationwide.

Methods: A questionnaire was emailed to all members of the Italian Society of Pediatrics, including pediatric residents. The survey was open from December 2021 to March 2022.

Presence and Significance of Multiple Respiratory Viral Infections in Children Admitted to a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital in Italy.

Viral co-infections are frequently observed among children, but whether specific viral interactions enhance or diminish the severity of respiratory disease is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the type of viral mono- and co-infections by also evaluating viral correlations in 3525 respiratory samples from 3525 pediatric in/outpatients screened by the Allplex Respiratory Panel Assays and with a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-COronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test available. Overall, viral co-infections were detected in 37.

Whooping Cough Cases Increase in Central Italy after COVID-19 Pandemic.

Pertussis continues to be a highly contagious respiratory infection, especially in children, with cyclical peaks of disease spread every three to five years. Here, we report relevant cases of infection between August 2023 and January 2024, and compare them with prevalence in pediatric patients admitted to the Reference Italian Pediatric Hospital, located in Rome, from January 2015 to July 2023. A total of 5464 tests for were performed during the study period, and 6.

Children accessing accident and emergency department for non-urgent consultations: A cross-sectional study about parents' use of primary care services.

Introduction: Parents often take their children to the Paediatric Accident and Emergency Department (A&E) for non-urgent consultations rather than using community-based primary care services. This study describes the use of primary care services in parents taking their children to the A&E for non-urgent consultations.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019, in a second-level Italian paediatric A&E of a tertiary-level children's academic research and hub hospital.

Redox Biomarkers in Asymptomatic Latent Human Tuberculosis: A Comparison With Active Disease.

Background: Latent tuberculosis infection is an asymptomatic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Previous studies have shown a host-protective role for heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) during M. tuberculosis infection and an important involvement of glutathione peroxidase-4 (Gpx4) in the necrotic pathology of the disease.

Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Origin in Children: Analysis of 17 Cases Admitted to the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome.

This study described 17 cases of children admitted to the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital with acute hepatitis of unknown origin between mid-April and November 2022. Following the World Health Organization's working case definition of probable cases, 17 children, with a median age of 2.1 years (interquartile range: 1.

Unique Features of Cardiovascular Involvement and Progression in Children with Marfan Syndrome Justify Dedicated Multidisciplinary Care.

Marfan syndrome (MIM: # 154700; MFS) is an autosomal dominant disease representing the most common form of heritable connective tissue disorder. The condition presents variable multiorgan expression, typically involving a triad of cardiovascular, eye, and skeletal manifestations. Other multisystemic features are often underdiagnosed.

Parents' Trigger Tool for Children with Medical Complexity - PAT-CMC: Development of a recognition tool for clinical deterioration at home.

Aim: To develop a trigger tool for parents and lay caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC) at home and to validate its content.

Design: This was a multi-method study, using qualitative data, a Delphi method and a concept mapping approach.

Methods: A three-round electronic Delphi was performed from December 2021 to April 2022 with a panel of 23 expert parents and 30 healthcare providers, supplemented by a preliminary qualitative exploration of children's signs of deterioration and three consensus meetings to develop the PArents' Trigger Tool for Children with Medical Complexity (PAT-CMC).

Euterpe music therapy method for children with cerebral palsy.

Introduction: The main purpose of our study was to evaluate whether involvement in a personalized music therapy program (Euterpe method), could improve the condition of children with cerebral palsy and their parents, compared to a control group. It investigated whether it could positively affect children's sleep quality, temperament and quality of life, quality of family life, and parental stress.

Methods: A prospective single-center experimental study was conducted at "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital (Rome, Italy).

Trans-jugular approach for safe and successful cryoablation of para-Hisian/anterior-septal, anterior, and anterior-lateral accessory pathways in children.

Background: Cryoablation of APs localized near the atrioventricular (AV) junction is a well-established ablation strategy in children, and it has proved to be very safe. However, recurrence rates remain considerable for specific accessory pathway (AP) localizations. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a trans-jugular approach for cryoablation of right anterior, anterior-lateral, and anterior-septal APs in children, as compared to the conventional femoral approach.

Pre-COVID-19-pandemic RSV epidemiology and clinical burden in pediatric primary care in Italy: a comparative analysis across two regions for the 2019/2020 season.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children under 5 years have a significant clinical burden, also in primary care settings. This study investigates the epidemiology and burden of RSV in Italian children during the 2019/20 pre-pandemic winter season.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in two Italian regions.

Prevalence of Rome IV Pediatric Diagnostic Questionnaire-Assessed Disorder of Gut-Brain Interaction, Psychopathological Comorbidities and Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food in Pediatric Anorexia Nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder primarily affecting children and adolescents. Disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) have gained recognition as significant symptoms in individuals with AN. However, limited studies have explored GI symptoms in pediatric populations with AN using age-specific diagnostic tools.

Pediatric vital signs monitoring in hospital wards: Recognition systems and factors influencing nurses' attitudes and practices.

Aims: To describe: 1) systems in place for recognition and response to deteriorating children in Italy, 2) attitudes and practices of registered nurses (RN) towards vital signs (VS) monitoring in pediatric wards, 3) the associations of nurses attitudes and pratices with nurses' and organizational characteristics.

Design And Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional correlational study. Data were collected between January-May 2020 using: an adapted version of the 'Survey on Recognition and Response Systems in Australia', and the 'Ped-V Scale'.