How outcomes are measured after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A systematic scoping review.

Background And Purpose: Recovery after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is often slower than ischemic stroke. Despite this, ICH research often quantifies recovery using the same outcome measures obtained at the same timepoints as ischemic stroke. The primary objective of this scoping review is to map the existing literature to determine when and how outcomes are being measured in prospective studies of recovery after ICH.

Natural history of recovery after intracerebral haemorrhage: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Clinical trials for intracerebral haemorrhage typically measure outcomes in the same way and at the same time points as trials for ischaemic stroke. However, there is growing evidence that the trajectory of recovery following intracerebral haemorrhage may differ significantly from that following ischaemic stroke. A better understanding of current approaches to outcome assessment is essential to ensure that future trials examining treatments for intracerebral haemorrhage are designed appropriately.

Nocardia endophthalmitis following uncomplicated phacoemulsification and implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens.

A patient developed endophthalmitis 15 days after uncomplicated cataract extraction. Excised infectious material sequestered in the capsular bag revealed Nocardia on culture. She required multiple intravitreal injections of Amikacin and dexamethasone, pars plana vitrectomies with explantation of the lens, and chronic topical and oral sulfonamide antibiotics to control the infection.

Posterior scleral choristoma in the organoid nevus syndrome (linear nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn).

Purpose: To highlight the association of posterior osseous and/or cartilaginous ocular choristomas with epibulbar choristomas and the nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn.

Design: Small case series.

Participants: Four patients with the organoid nevus syndrome.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis manifesting as viral retinitis: clinical and histopathologic findings.

Purpose And Methods: To describe the clinical and histopathologic features of a patient with viral retinitis secondary to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Results: The patient was a human immunodeficiency virus-negative intravenous drug abuser with an acute retinitis that later progressed to encephalitis despite aggressive treatment for possible viral, protozoal, bacterial, and rickettsial infections. The patient had many of the characteristic findings of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, including a history of measles in early childhood, myoclonus, periodic complexes on electroencephalographic testing, persistently elevated serum and cerebrospinal fluid antimeasles immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers, and a cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG gammopathy.

Retinal blood flow indices in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Aims/background: Abnormal blood flow dynamics are believed to contribute to the development of retinal microvascular disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this study, the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) was used, combined with fluorescein angiography, to measure retinal blood flow indices in HIV seropositive patients.

Methods: Arteriovenous passage time (AVP) and perifoveal capillary blood flow velocity (CFV) were measured in 23 HIV infected patients and 23 control subjects with SLO fluorescein angiography.

Epiretinal macular membranes in eyes with attached posterior cortical vitreous.

Background: The authors define the clinical and anatomic characteristics of patients who had epiretinal membrane formation and traction over the macula in the absence of vitreous detachment from the retina.

Methods: Patients were treated and followed by one surgeon (JCF). All patients had epiretinal membrane formation over the macula without vitreous detachment.

Argon laser treatment of trichiasis: a clinical and histopathologic evaluation.

Trichiasis is a common condition of multiple etiologies. Cryosurgery has been advocated as an effective means of treatment but may be associated with serious complications, including scar, skin depigmentation, and lid notching. We treated eight consecutive eyelids with the argon laser.

Non-caseating conjunctival granulomas in patients with multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis.

Purpose: This study describes a group of patients with clinical findings of peripheral punched-out lesions and panuveitis who had non-caseating granulomas found by non-directed conjunctival biopsy.

Methods: A series of 10 patients seen at The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between August 1989 and August 1990 with ocular findings similar to those of multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis, including peripheral punched-out chorioretinal lesions, vitritis, and frequently, cystoid macular edema, was examined. All patients underwent ophthalmic examination, ancillary testing, and non-directed conjunctival biopsy.

Preretinal and optic nerve head neovascularization induced by photodynamic venous thrombosis in domestic pigs.

Objective: To develop a reliable model of ischemic preretinal and optic nerve head neovascularization in young male domestic pigs.

Methods: Using laser-induced branch retinal venous obstruction assisted by photodynamic thrombosis with rose bengal, 15 of 15 treated eyes developed neovascularization of the optic nerve head and retina. All cases of neovascularization were followed up clinically for up to 12 weeks.

Clinicopathologic spectrum of primary uveal melanocytic lesions in an animal model.

Background: Currently, there are no animal models of primary uveal melanoma in an eye large enough to allow documentation of the clinical evolution of the lesion by either funduscopy or fundus photography.

Methods: The authors induced primary uveal melanocytic lesions in the eyes of Dutch (pigmented) rabbits using a two-stage carcinogenesis protocol involving initiation with 4 weekly topical applications of 10 microliters of a 1% solution of 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in acetone (21 eyes) followed by 12 weekly topical applications of a 10 microliters solution of either 0.25% or 0.

Paraneoplastic pemphigus, cicatricial conjunctivitis, and acanthosis nigricans with pachydermatoglyphy in a patient with bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma.

A 77-year-old man with chronic conjunctivitis, acanthosis nigricans with pachydermatoglyphy, and pemphigus-like mucocutaneous lesions was found to have a well-differentiated bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathologic and immunofluorescence studies confirmed the diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus. Skin lesions resolved with oral prednisone and azathioprine therapy, but the conjunctivitis and mucous membrane erosions persisted.

Vitreoretinal traction and perimacular retinal folds in the eyes of deliberately traumatized children.

The pathophysiology of perimacular folds in eyes of deliberately traumatized children is disputed. The authors reviewed the clinical and forensic records and systemic and ocular findings at autopsy of three children with perimacular retinal folds who died after being violently shaken. Two of the children suffered direct head trauma in addition to being shaken; one patient was violently shaken without any physical or forensic evidence of direct head trauma.

Olfactory neuroblastoma metastatic to the eye.

A case of olfactory neuroblastoma metastatic to the choroid is reported and described. Histologically, the tumor consisted of islands of small round cells, many of them surrounding blood vessels in a 'pseudorosette' pattern. Numerous mitotic figures were present.

Retinal vascular endothelial cells and pericytes. Differential growth characteristics in vitro.

Long-term cultures of retinal capillary endothelial cells (RCEC) and of pericytes were grown from collagenase-treated calf retinal vessels. By the use of mechanical separation and differential growth response in various media, pure cell lines were derived from cloned capillary cells as well as from multiple vessel fragments. RCEC and pericytes appeared different under phase contrast microscopy.

Retinal vessels: proliferation of endothelium in vitro.

Tissue culture of retinal vessels from fetal calf eyes produced colonies of endothelium, pericytes, and smooth muscle. Identification of endothelial cells was based upon culture morphology, [3H]thymidine labeling of isolated vessels, and factor VIII immunofluorescence. Thimerosal added to the culture medium destroyed pericytes and muscle cells, leaving only endothelial cell colonies in the primary cultures.