The benefit of active management in true knot of the umbilical cord: a retrospective study.

Purpose: To compare perinatal outcomes between active and routine management in true knot of the umbilical cord (TKUC).

Methods: A retrospective study of singletons born beyond 22  weeks with TKUC. Active management included weekly fetal heart rate monitoring(FHRM) ≥ 30 weeks and labor induction at 36-37 weeks.

Umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunt and intrauterine growth restriction: an inquiry from a prospective study.

Background: The investigation of the fetal umbilical-portal venous system is based on the premise that congenital anomalies of this system may be related to adverse perinatal outcomes. Several small retrospective studies have reported an association between umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunts and intrauterine growth restriction. However, the prevalence of portosystemic shunts in the fetal growth restricted population is yet to be determined.

In-utero evaluation of the fetal umbilical-portal venous system among fetuses with persistent right umbilical vein: Two-and three-dimensional ultrasonographic study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the anatomy of the portal system in fetuses with persistent right umbilical vein (PRUV).

Methods: Prospective observational study of fetuses diagnosed with PRUV. All patients underwent a comprehensive portal system anatomy scan supplemented by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) color doppler modalities.

The Hard Palate Sweep: a multiplanar 2-dimensional sonographic method for the prenatal detection of cleft palate.

Background: Prenatal diagnosis of cleft palate is challenging. Numerous 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional methods have been proposed to assess the integrity of the fetal palate, yet detection rates remain relatively low. We propose the "Hard Palate Sweep," a novel 2-dimensional method that enables clear demonstration of the entire fetal palate throughout pregnancy, in a single sweep, avoiding acoustic shadows cast by surrounding bones.

Congenital hypotonia: systematic approach for prenatal detection.

Objectives: Congenital hypotonic conditions are rare and heterogeneous, and some are severely debilitating or lethal. Contrary to its prominent postnatal manifestation, the prenatal presentation of hypotonia is frequently subtle, inhibiting prenatal detection. We aimed to characterize the prenatal sonographic manifestation of congenital hypotonia throughout pregnancy, evaluate the yield of diagnostic tests and propose diagnostic models to increase its prenatal detection.

Early Fetal Corpus Callosum: Demonstrating Normal Growth and Detecting Pathologies in Early Pregnancy.

Background And Purpose: A malformed corpus callosum carries a risk for abnormal neurodevelopment. The advent of high-frequency transducers offers the opportunity to assess corpus callosum development in early pregnancy. The aim of the study was to construct a reference chart of the fetal corpus callosum length on ultrasound between 13 and 19 weeks of gestation and to prospectively examine growth patterns in pathologic cases.

The prenatal detection of distal tracheoesophageal fistulas in fetuses diagnosed with esophageal atresia.

Background: Esophageal atresia is a major anomaly of varying severity. The complexity of surgical correction depends on the presence of a distal fistula.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the feasibility and accuracy of prenatal ultrasound detection of the distal fistula in fetuses diagnosed with esophageal atresia.

Light Intensity in Nursery Schools: A Possible Factor in Refractive Development.

Purpose: Increased levels of outdoor light have been found to be associated causally with decreased rates of myopia. The goal of this study was to measure the effect of indoor nursery school light intensity on refraction of preschool children in Israel.

Methods: A total of 1596 children aged 4 to 5 years from 27 nursery schools were examined.

[PERINEAL TEARS THAT INVOLVE THE ANAL SPHINCTER - IS IT AN UNPREVENTABLE OBSTETRIC PROBLEM AND WHAT ARE ITS REPRECUSSIONS?].

Perineal tears that involve the anal sphincter, especially those which are occult, are common in cases of vaginal delivery or instrumental deliveries. Parturients who experience such types of perineal tears may suffer from flatus or fecal incontinence and also fistula to various surrounding organs. There is no consensus in the relevant medical literature regarding the risk factors for the development of these tears, as contradictive results are presented in various relevant studies.

Motor inhibition and learning impairments in school-aged children following exposure to organophosphate pesticides in infancy.

Despite the critical role of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in cortical function and development, no long-term studies have been conducted in humans on the long-term sequelae of the disruption of the cholinergic system in early childhood. We report a neuropsychological assessment of healthy school-aged children, who had been hospitalized in infancy following exposure to organophosphate pesticides, compared with children exposed to other toxins such as kerosene, and age- and sex-matched non-exposed children. Although overall, the children seem to have overcome the acute one-time exposure incident, and they all attend regular schools, a finer assessment of specific cognitive abilities indicates they are impaired compared with the matched controls.