Artificial Neural Networks as a Way to Predict Future Kidney Cancer Incidence in the United States.

Introduction: The incidence of kidney cancer is increasing; it could be counteracted with new ways to predict and detect it. We aimed to implement an artificial neural network in order to predict new cases of renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) in the population using population rate, obesity, smoking incidence, uncontrolled hypertension, and life expectancy data in the United States.

Patients And Methods: Statistics were collected on US population numbers, life expectancy, obesity, smoking, and hypertension.

Targeting mitochondrial metabolite transporters in Penicillium expansum for reducing patulin production.

There is an increasing need of alternative treatments to control fungal infection and consequent mycotoxin accumulation in harvested fruits and vegetables. Indeed, only few biological targets of antifungal agents have been characterized and can be used for limiting fungal spread from decayed fruits/vegetables to surrounding healthy ones during storage. On this concern, a promising target of new antifungal treatments may be represented by mitochondrial proteins due to some species-specific functions played by mitochondria in fungal morphogenesis, drug resistance and virulence.

Immortal time bias in the association between toxicity and response for immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis.

Only a minority of studies addressing the association between immune-related adverse events (IrAE) and outcome considered the immortal time bias, with conflicting results. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were searched through 2 January 2020. Studies reporting the impact of IrAE on outcome in patients treated with antiprogrammed death receptor 1 or PD-L1 were included.

Distal radial artery (Snuffbox) access for intracranial aneurysm treatment using the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device.

Preliminary experience with distal radial artery (dRA) access for diagnostic cerebral angiography and some neurointerventional procedures has proved to be promising with good technical results and a reliable safety profile. Vascular access via the dRA may further improve minimally invasive treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Between July 2019 and June 2020 we identified 11 patients (9 females) with a mean age of 63.

Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate: Pathogenesis and Molecular Perspectives.

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), a clinicopathological entity characterized by malignant prostatic epithelial cells growing within ducts and/or acini, has a distinct architectural pattern, cytological features, and biological behavior. Whereas most IDC-P tumors could be derived from adjacent high-grade invasive cancer via retrograde spreading of cancer cells along benign ducts and acini, a small subset of IDC-P may arise from the transformation and intraductal proliferation of precancerous cells induced by various oncogenic events. These isolated IDC-P tumors possess a distinct mutational profile and may function as a carcinoma in situ lesion with de novo intraductal outgrowth of malignant cells.

Radiofrequency Ablation for the Palliative Treatment of Bone Metastases: Outcomes from the Multicenter OsteoCool Tumor Ablation Post-Market Study (OPuS One Study) in 100 Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of radiofrequency (RF) ablation as measured by change in worst pain score from baseline to 3 mo after RF ablation for the palliative treatment of painful bone metastases.

Materials And Methods: One hundred patients (mean age, 64.6 y) underwent RF ablation for metastatic bone disease and were followed up to 6 mo.

Partial Gastrectomy at the Time of Splenectomy in Two Dogs With Splenic Neoplasia and Gastric Involvement.

Splenic malignancies are reported in 30%-76% of dogs presenting with splenic masses, and splenectomy is the cornerstone in their management. However, long term prognosis is guarded due to the high rates of distant metastases reported both for HSA and nonangiogenic nonlymphomatous sarcomas. Metastases from splenic tumors usually occur to regional lymph nodes, liver, omentum, and lungs.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma development in a patient with a novel BAP1 germline mutation and low exposure to asbestos.

BRCA1 associated protein-1 (BAP1) germline mutations define a novel hereditary cancer syndrome, namely BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome (BAP1-TPDS), characterized by an increased susceptibility to develop different cancer types, including mesothelioma, uveal and cutaneous melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. Currently, the role of BAP1 germline mutations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) pathogenesis is less known. Here we report the first clinical case of a female patient who developed an iCCA when she was 47-years-old and was found to carry a novel germline mutation at a splicing site of exon 4 in BAP1 gene (NM_004656.

Designing novel immunocombinations in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have radically changed the treatment approach to metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). In the present article, we reported and discussed the available data with immunocombinations in mRCC, offering new perspectives in the treatment landscape of these patients. We discussed the main results of pivotal clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of mRCC.

Distal radial artery (snuffbox) access for carotid artery stenting - Technical pearls and procedural set-up.

Purpose: To report use of distal radial artery (dRA) access for carotid artery stenting (CAS) and to discuss procedural setup and technical considerations for a successful intervention.

Methods: A retrospective review of our prospective neurointerventional database of CAS was conducted between May 2019 and March 2020. All CAS cases via dRA in the anatomical snuffbox were identified.

Is There a Role for Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer?

In the last decade, immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape of several hematological and solid malignancies, reporting unprecedented response rates. Unfortunately, this is not the case for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), as several phase I and II trials assessing programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors have shown limited benefits. Moreover, despite sipuleucel-T representing the only cancer vaccine approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for mCRPC following the results of the IMPACT trial, the use of this agent is relatively limited in everyday clinical practice.

Safety and efficacy of atezolizumab in patients with autoimmune disease: Subgroup analysis of the SAUL study in locally advanced/metastatic urinary tract carcinoma.

Aim: Patients with pre-existing autoimmune disease (AID) are typically excluded from clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and there are limited data on outcomes in this population. The single-arm international SAUL study of atezolizumab enrolled a broader 'real-world' patient population. We present outcomes in patients with a history of AID.

Baseline and incident hypochloremia in chronic heart failure outpatients: Clinical correlates and prognostic role.

Background: Electrolyte serum disorders are associated with poor outcome in chronic heart failure. The aim of this study sought to identify the main driver of incident hypochloremia in chronic HF (CHF) outpatients and to determine the prognostic value of baseline and incident hypochloremia.

Methods: Consecutive CHF outpatients were enrolled and clinical, laboratoristic and echocardiographic evaluations were performed at baseline and repeated yearly in a subgroup of patients.

Congestion and nutrition as determinants of bioelectrical phase angle in heart failure.

Background: The whole-body bioelectrical phase-angle (PhA) is emerging as a new tool in stratifying prognosis in patients with both acute (AHF) and chronic heart failure (CHF).

Objective: To evaluate the determinants of PhA in HF patients.

Methods: We analyzed data from 900 patients with AHF or CHF (mean age: 76±10 years, 54% AHF).

Correction to: Cabozantinib After a Previous Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Multi-Institutional Analysis.

While typesetting the article the Table 3 column/row entries are interchanged. Please find below the updated Table.

Trapped Embolic Protection Device: A Salvage Technique.

After carotid artery stenting, retrieval of the embolic protection device can sometimes be difficult due to incomplete stent expansion, stent fracture, vasospasm, and vessel tortuosity. In this technical report, we describe a novel rescue technique used in a patient with diffuse calcific atherosclerosis of the left common and proximal left internal carotid arteries who underwent left internal carotid artery stenting with cerebral protection and in whom, due to an under-expanded proximal carotid stent strut in relation to a densely calcified plaque, we were initially unable to advance the retrieval device.

Safety evaluation of immune-based combinations in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Immune-based combinations, including nivolumab plus ipilimumab, pembrolizumab plus axitinib, and (at a lesser extent) avelumab plus axitinib, should be regarded among the new standards of care for first line therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Toxicity profiles are different among all these above combinations, as well as between them and targeted agents monotherapies, including sunitinib (i.e.

Combination therapy in advanced urothelial cancer: the role of PARP, HER-2 and mTOR inhibitors.

Introduction: Despite significant advances in the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma, including the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, this disease is still challenging to treat and associated poor outcomes remain. Genomic characterization of advanced-stage urothelial carcinoma is widening the field of potential treatments due to the identification of novel biologic drivers.

Areas Covered: In this review, we explore the role of PARP, HER-2, and mTOR inhibitors in the therapeutic scenario of advanced urothelial carcinoma, as these pathways are frequently altered in urothelial carcinoma.

Immunohistochemical over-expression of HER2 does not always match with gene amplification in invasive bladder cancer.

Background: HER2 is a potential target of therapy in urothelial cancer (UC). Pathological case stratification according to HER2 gene amplification or HER2 protein overexpression was critical for patients' selection in previous unsuccessful clinical trial with HER2 targeting agents.

Study Design: We evaluated the HER2 overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) together with the amplification of the HER2 gene with chromogenic(CISH) and fluorescent (FISH) in situ hybridization in a cohort of 61 patients covering the whole spectrum of bladder UC variants, using a tissue microarray (TMA) approach.

Addition of Primary Metastatic Site on Bone, Brain, and Liver to IMDC Criteria in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Validation Study.

Background: The International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria have been largely adopted in clinical practice. In a recent retrospective study, we assessed that the addition of the first site of metastatic disease to brain, bone, and liver improves prognostic stratification of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Here, we performed an external validation in patients with mRCC.

Cabozantinib After a Previous Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Multi-Institutional Analysis.

Background: Angiogenesis has been recognized as the most important factor for tumor invasion, proliferation, and progression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, few clinical data are available regarding the efficacy of cabozantinib following immunotherapy.

Objective: To describe the outcome of cabozantinib in patients previously treated with immunotherapy.