Modulation of NOX2 causes obesity-mediated atrial fibrillation.

Obesity is linked to an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) via increased oxidative stress. While NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), a major source of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the heart, predisposes to AF, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we studied NOX2-mediated ROS production in obesity-mediated AF using Nox2-knockout mice and mature human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-aCMs).

Evaluation of digestibility, solubility, and surface properties of trehalose-conjugated quinoa proteins prepared via pH shifting technique.

Soluble trehalose-conjugated quinoa proteins (T-QPs) were effectively prepared using the pH-shifting mechanism. The structural properties of the T-QPs were evaluated using a comparative evaluation, which included analyzing the amide I, surface charge and hydrophobicity, protein conformation, thermal stability, and protein structures. The results suggested that the development of the T-QPs was influenced mainly by no-covalent bonds.

Myo1e overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with increased risk of mortality.

This study aims to perform a comprehensive genomic analysis to assess the influence of overexpression of MYO1E in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and whether there are differences in survival and mortality risk in NSCLC patients depending on both DNA methylation and RNA expression of MYO1E. The DNA methylation probe cg13887966 was inversely correlated with MYO1E RNA expression in both LUAD and LUSC subpopulations showing that lower MYO1E RNA expression was associated with higher MYO1E DNA methylation. Late stages of lung cancer showed significantly lower MYO1E DNA methylation and significantly higher MYO1E RNA expression for LUAD but not for LUSC.

Bullet Impact Into Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Averts Serious Injury and Death.

A 26-year-old man with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) sustained a gunshot injury to the left side of his chest wall, resulting in direct impact of the bullet into the AICD generator. The injury resulted in a dent in the outer case along with damage to the generator battery and device deactivation. There was no associated intrathoracic injury.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis presenting with intestinal obstruction: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare vasculitis. The gastrointestinal symptoms and complications of the disease are rare in GPA patients. One the rarest is intestinal obstruction which when found was always caused by bowel perforation.

Non-small cell lung carcinoma spheroid models in agarose microwells for drug response studies.

There is a growing interest in developing personalized treatment strategies for each cancer patient, especially those with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) which annually accounts for the majority of cancer related deaths in the US. Yet identifying the optimal NSCLC treatment strategy for each cancer patient is critical due to a multitude of mutations, some of which develop following initial therapy and can result in drug resistance. A key difficulty in developing personalized therapies in NSCLC is the lack of clinically relevant assay systems that are suitable to evaluate drug sensitivity using a minuscule amount of patient-derived material available following biopsies.

Mutant ANP induces mitochondrial and ion channel remodeling in a human iPSC-derived atrial fibrillation model.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) can model heritable arrhythmias to personalize therapies for individual patients. Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, current platforms to generate iPSC-atrial (a) CMs are inadequate for modeling AF. We applied a combinatorial engineering approach, which integrated multiple physiological cues, including metabolic conditioning and electrical stimulation, to generate mature iPSC-aCMs.

Surgical Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Explantation Technique.

As transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) indications expand, cardiac surgeons need to be prepared to manage heretofore rare TAVR complications requiring explantation, such as acute type A dissection, in these typically high-risk patients. This report describes the successful use of an explantation technique that is ready to hand, efficient, and effective at avoiding further injury to the aortic root and coronary ostia.

Considerations in the Surgical Management of Unicuspid Aortic Stenosis.

Unicuspid aortic valve (UAV) stenosis is a rare condition accounting for 5% of non-rheumatic aortic stenosis. The diagnosis can be difficult to make prior to surgical intervention and transesophageal echocardiography has been demonstrated to be more accurate in making the diagnosis compared to transthoracic echocardiography. The presence of a posteriorly located aortic orifice on the short-axis views, with one or two visible raphe anteriorly; the absence of commissures (acommissural); or the presence of a lone commissure (unicommissural) between the left and noncoronary, or the left and right cusps suggests the diagnosis.

Post-mortem CT vs necropsy in feline medicine.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare post-mortem CT findings with necropsy findings in domestic cats.

Methods: Post-mortem CT and necropsies were performed in 20 cadavers of domestic cats. The sensitivity, specificity and agreement between the post-mortem CT and necropsy findings were determined.

Detection of Promoter DNA Methylation in Urine and Plasma Aids the Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Low-dose CT screening can reduce lung cancer-related mortality. However, CT screening has an FDR of nearly 96%. We sought to assess whether urine samples can be a source for DNA methylation-based detection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Endoscopic entero-enteral bypass: an effective new approach to the treatment of postsurgical complications of hepaticojejunostomy.

Background: Management of biliary adverse events (BAEs) after biliodigestive anastomosis is challenging. We propose a new endoscopic approach to improve BAEs in this clinical setting.

Methods: Patients who had BAEs after a hepaticojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y loop or a Whipple procedure underwent creation of an entero-enteral endoscopic bypass (EEEB) between the duodenal/gastric wall and the biliary jejunal loop under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and fluoroscopic guidance using specifically designed fully covered self-expandable metal stents.

Primary endotherapy for Strasberg type C bile leaks.

Background: Endotherapy is considered by some as the treatment of choice for most external biliary fistulas after laparoscopic cholecystectomy except for those originating from isolated/disconnected ducts, as in Strasberg type C lesions. Endoscopic intervention is not generally considered among treatment options because the isolated duct cannot be opacified during cholangiography and is inaccessible with the usual endoscopic methods.

Methods: Our interventional endotherapy for this type of complication consists of cannulating the isolated duct by passing a guidewire out of the cystic duct or the disruption of the common bile duct into the pathway of the biliary fistula.

Primary Pulmonary Vein Leiomyosarcoma With Left Atrial Extension.

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a mesenchymal tumor originating from the smooth muscle cells. LMS of the great vessels accounts for 60% of cases, with inferior vena cava being the most common site. Pulmonary vein LMS is an extremely rare subset that was first reported in 1939.

Left Atrial and Carotid Body Paraganglioma.

We report a rare case of left atrial paraganglioma with a synchronous carotid body paraganglioma in a 30-year-old man with succinate dehydrogenase B gene mutation. The patient initially presented with a neck mass and palpitations. Laboratory test results showed elevated catecholamine levels.

PKD2-Related Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Prevalence, Clinical Presentation, Mutation Spectrum, and Prognosis.

Background: PKD2-related autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is widely acknowledged to be of milder severity than PKD1-related disease, but population-based studies depicting the exact burden of the disease are lacking. We aimed to revisit PKD2 prevalence, clinical presentation, mutation spectrum, and prognosis through the Genkyst cohort.

Study Design: Case series, January 2010 to March 2016.

Surgical Correction of Aberrant Right Coronary Anomalies Stranding an Aortic Commissure with and Without Unroofing.

The technique for successful surgical correction of an anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the opposite aortic cusp with an aberrant course between the aorta and pulmonary artery is illustrated in a symptomatic 62-year-old woman. The intramural course of the right coronary artery traversed the tip of the commissure between the anterior and posterior leaflets, and its repair entailed unroofing of the intramural segment from inside the aortic intima. This technique required resuspension of the overlying commissure to maintain optimal aortic valve leaflet coaptation and prevent aortic insufficiency.