Resting-state electroencephalographic rhythms depend on sex in patients with dementia due to Parkinson's and Lewy Body diseases: An exploratory study.

Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are more prevalent in males than females. Furthermore, they typically showed abnormally high delta (< 4 Hz) and low alpha (8-10 Hz) rhythms from resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) activity. Here, we hypothesized that those abnormalities may depend on the patient's sex.

Resting-State EEG Alpha Rhythms Are Related to CSF Tau Biomarkers in Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease.

Patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (ADMCI) typically show abnormally high delta (<4 Hz) and low alpha (8-12 Hz) rhythms measured from resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) activity. Here, we hypothesized that the abnormalities in rsEEG activity may be greater in ADMCI patients than in those with MCI not due to AD (noADMCI). Furthermore, they may be associated with the diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-tau biomarkers in ADMCI patients.

Predicting Future Development of Stress-Induced Anhedonia From Cortical Dynamics and Facial Expression.

The current state of mental health treatment for individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder leaves billions of individuals with first-line therapies that are ineffective or burdened with undesirable side effects. One major obstacle is that distinct pathologies may currently be diagnosed as the same disease and prescribed the same treatments. The key to developing antidepressants with ubiquitous efficacy is to first identify a strategy to differentiate between heterogeneous conditions.

Role of Blood P-Tau Isoforms (181, 217, 231) in Predicting Conversion from MCI to Dementia Due to Alzheimer's Disease: A Review and Meta-Analysis.

Blood-based biomarkers are minimally invasive tools to detect the pathological changes of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This meta-analysis aims to investigate the use of blood-derived p-tau isoforms (181, 217, 231) to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD dementia (ADD). Studies involving MCI patients with data on blood p-tau isoforms at baseline and clinical diagnosis at follow-up (≥1 year) were included.

Clinical and biological underpinnings of longitudinal atrophy pattern progression in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently enabled to identify four distinct Alzheimer's disease (AD) subtypes: hippocampal sparing (HpSp), typical AD (tAD), limbic predominant (Lp), and minimal atrophy (MinAtr). To date, however, the natural history of these subtypes, especially regarding the presence of subjects switching to other MRI patterns and their clinical and biological differences, remains poorly understood.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and biological underpinnings of longitudinal atrophy pattern progression in AD.

Investigating interleukin-8 in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review.

Several studies indicate that the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has strong interactions with immune mechanisms within the brain, indicating a close association between inflammation in the central nervous system and the progression of neurodegeneration. Despite considerable progress in understanding the inflammatory aspects of AD, several of them remain unresolved. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglia are pivotal components in the inflammatory cascade.

Anti-LGI1 encephalitis and Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Two associated entities? A case report.

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is an immune-mediated condition that induces brain inflammation due to several neural-specific autoantibodies. The main triggering and predisposing factors are infections, genetics, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and tumors. We report a case of a 57-year-old male with a biopsy-confirmed Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and a concomitant anti-LGI1 encephalitis discussing a possible relationship in the pathogenesis of these phenomena.

Effectiveness of Smartphone App for the Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Pediatric obesity treatment is based on high-intensity lifestyle counseling. However, high dropout rates and low effectiveness have been reported, even in specialized centers. Mobile health technologies have been used to overcome these limits with contrasting results.

Progression trajectories from prodromal to overt synucleinopathies: a longitudinal, multicentric brain [F]FDG-PET study.

The phenoconversion trajectory from idiopathic/isolated Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) towards either Parkinson's Disease (PD) or Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is currently uncertain. We investigated the capability of baseline brain [F]FDG-PET in differentiating between iRBD patients eventually phenoconverting to PD or DLB, by deriving the denovoPDRBD-related pattern (denovoPDRBD-RP) from 32 de novo PD patients; and the denovoDLBRBD-RP from 30 de novo DLB patients, both with evidence of RBD at diagnosis. To explore [F]FDG-PET phenoconversion trajectories prediction power, we applied these two patterns on a group of 115 iRBD patients followed longitudinally.

Metabolic and dopaminergic correlates of intellectual enrichment in de-novo Parkinson's disease patients.

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) is an expression of brain resilience in response to damage. Education, occupational experience and leisure activities are thought to increase CR and have beneficial effects on global cognition and cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to disclose brain metabolic and dopaminergic correlates of CR in de-novo PD patients.

Toward Quantitative Neurology: Sensors to Assess Motor Deficits in Dementia.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder which primarily involves memory and cognitive functions. It is increasingly recognized that motor involvement is also a common and significant aspect of AD, contributing to functional decline and profoundly impacting quality of life. Motor impairment, either at early or later stages of cognitive disorders, can be considered as a proxy measure of cognitive impairment, and technological devices can provide objective measures for both diagnosis and prognosis purposes.

FDG-PET and ASL MRI identify largely overlapping hypermetabolic and hyperperfusion changes in limbic autoimmune encephalitis.

Background: Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI has been anecdotally used to assess brain perfusion in autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and its relationship with [F]FDG-PET dysmetabolism has been scarcely investigated.Considering the physiological coupling of metabolism and perfusion, we aimed to evaluate the degree of correspondence between ASL-MRI and [F]FDG-PET in AE.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of five patients underwent ASL-MRI and [F]FDG-PET during the acute stage and at follow-up.

Clinical and diagnostic implications of Alzheimer's disease copathology in Lewy body disease.

Concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is a frequent event in the context of Lewy body disease (LBD), occurring in approximately half of all cases. Evidence shows that LBD patients with AD copathology show an accelerated disease course, a greater risk of cognitive decline and an overall poorer prognosis. However, LBD-AD cases may show heterogeneous motor and non-motor phenotypes with a higher risk of dementia and, consequently, be not rarely misdiagnosed.

Autoimmune encephalitis: what the radiologist needs to know.

Autoimmune encephalitis is a relatively novel nosological entity characterized by an immune-mediated damage of the central nervous system. While originally described as a paraneoplastic inflammatory phenomenon affecting limbic structures, numerous instances of non-paraneoplastic pathogenesis, as well as extra-limbic involvement, have been characterized. Given the wide spectrum of insidious clinical presentations ranging from cognitive impairment to psychiatric symptoms or seizures, it is crucial to raise awareness about this disease category.

Presynaptic Dopaminergic Imaging Characterizes Patients with REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Due to Synucleinopathy.

Objective: To apply a machine learning analysis to clinical and presynaptic dopaminergic imaging data of patients with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) to predict the development of Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Methods: In this multicenter study of the International RBD study group, 173 patients (mean age 70.5 ± 6.

Resting state electroencephalographic alpha rhythms are sensitive to Alzheimer's disease mild cognitive impairment progression at a 6-month follow-up.

Are posterior resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms sensitive to the Alzheimer's disease mild cognitive impairment (ADMCI) progression at a 6-month follow-up? Clinical, cerebrospinal, neuroimaging, and rsEEG datasets in 52 ADMCI and 60 Healthy old seniors (equivalent groups for demographic features) were available from an international archive (www.pdwaves.eu).

Longitudinal Quantiles of Frailty Trajectories Considering Death: New Insights into Sex and Cohort Differences in the Reference Curves for Frailty Progression of Older European.

Background: Most previous studies of frailty trajectories in older adults focus on the average trajectory and ignore death. Longitudinal quantile analysis of frailty trajectories permits the definition of reference curves, and the application of mortal cohort inference provides more realistic estimates than models that ignore death.

Methods: Using data from individuals aged 65 or older (n = 25 446) from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 2004 to 2020, we derived repeated values of the Frailty Index (FI) based on the accumulation of health deficits.

European intersocietal recommendations for the biomarker-based diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders.

The recent commercialisation of the first disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease emphasises the need for consensus recommendations on the rational use of biomarkers to diagnose people with suspected neurocognitive disorders in memory clinics. Most available recommendations and guidelines are either disease-centred or biomarker-centred. A European multidisciplinary taskforce consisting of 22 experts from 11 European scientific societies set out to define the first patient-centred diagnostic workflow that aims to prioritise testing for available biomarkers in individuals attending memory clinics.

Diagnostic performance of molecular imaging methods in predicting the progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia: an updated systematic review.

Purpose: Epidemiological and logistical reasons are slowing the clinical validation of the molecular imaging biomarkers in the initial stages of neurocognitive disorders. We provide an updated systematic review of the recent advances (2017-2022), highlighting methodological shortcomings.

Methods: Studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy values of the molecular imaging techniques (i.