Obtaining V(PO) by sodium extraction from single-phase NaV(PO) (1 < x < 3) positive electrode materials.

We report on single-phase NaV(PO) compositions (1.5 ≤ x ≤ 2.5) of the Na super ionic conductor type, obtained from a straightforward synthesis route.

Improved ACOM pattern matching in 4D-STEM through adaptive sub-pixel peak detection and image reconstruction.

The technique known as 4D-STEM has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the local characterization of crystalline structures in materials, such as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries or perovskite materials for photovoltaics. However, the use of new detectors optimized for electron diffraction patterns and other advanced techniques requires constant adaptation of methodologies to address the challenges associated with crystalline materials. In this study, we present a novel image-processing method to improve pattern matching in the determination of crystalline orientations and phases.

Dynamic Lone Pairs and Fluoride-Ion Disorder in Cubic-BaSnF.

Introducing compositional or structural disorder within crystalline solid electrolytes is a common strategy for increasing their ionic conductivity. (M,Sn)F fluorites have previously been proposed to exhibit two forms of disorder within their cationic host frameworks: occupational disorder from randomly distributed M and Sn cations and orientational disorder from Sn(II) stereoactive lone pairs. Here, we characterize the structure and fluoride-ion dynamics of cubic BaSnF, using a combination of experimental and computational techniques.

Fundamental investigations on the sodium-ion transport properties of mixed polyanion solid-state battery electrolytes.

Lithium and sodium (Na) mixed polyanion solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries display some of the highest ionic conductivities reported to date. However, the effect of polyanion mixing on the ion-transport properties is still not fully understood. Here, we focus on NaZrSiPO (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) NASICON electrolyte to elucidate the role of polyanion mixing on the Na-ion transport properties.

Imprint of Initial Education and Loss of Ly49C/I in Activated Natural Killer Cells of TAP1-KO and C57BL/6 Wildtype Mice.

Natural killer (NK) cells are important effectors of the innate immune system and participate in the first line of defense against infections and tumors. Prior to being functional, these lymphocytes must be educated or licensed through interactions of their major histocompatibility complex class I molecules with self-specific inhibitory receptors that recognize them. In the absence of such contacts, caused by either the lack of expression of the inhibitory receptors or a very low level of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) proteins, NK cells are hypo-reactive at baseline ().

Towards Reversible High-Voltage Multi-Electron Reactions in Alkali-Ion Batteries Using Vanadium Phosphate Positive Electrode Materials.

Vanadium phosphate positive electrode materials attract great interest in the field of Alkali-ion (Li, Na and K-ion) batteries due to their ability to store several electrons per transition metal. These multi-electron reactions (from V to V) combined with the high voltage of corresponding redox couples (e.g.

Ionothermal Synthesis of Polyanionic Electrode Material NaV(PO)FO through a Topotactic Reaction.

Polyanionic NaV(PO)FO has been successfully prepared for the first time by ionothermal reaction in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM TFSI) ionic liquid. Its structure and elemental stoichiometry are confirmed by X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and ICP-OES, respectively. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy reveals that the as-obtained material possesses an original platelet-like morphology.

Under Pressure: Mechanochemical Effects on Structure and Ion Conduction in the Sodium-Ion Solid Electrolyte NaPS.

Fast-ion conductors are critical to the development of solid-state batteries. The effects of mechanochemical synthesis that lead to increased ionic conductivity in an archetypical sodium-ion conductor NaPS are not fully understood. We present here a comprehensive analysis based on diffraction (Bragg and pair distribution function), spectroscopy (impedance, Raman, NMR and INS), and simulations aimed at elucidating the synthesis-property relationships in NaPS.

Local atomic and electronic structure in the LiVPO (F,O) tavorite-type materials from solid-state NMR combined with DFT calculations.

Li, P, and F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the local arrangement of oxygen and fluorine in LiVPO F O materials, interesting as positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. From the evolution of the 1D spectra versus y, 2D Li radiofrequency-driven recoupling (RFDR) experiments combined, and a tentative signal assignment based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it appears that F and O are not randomly dispersed on the bridging X position between two X-VO -X octahedra (X = O or F) but tend to segregate at a local scale. Using DFT calculations, we analyzed the impact of the different local environments on the local electronic structure.

Monitoring the Crystal Structure and the Electrochemical Properties of Na(VO)(PO)F through Fe Substitution.

We here present the synthesis of a new material, Na(VO)Fe(PO)F, by the sol-gel method. Its atomic and electronic structural descriptions are determined by a combination of several diffraction and spectroscopy techniques such as synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy at V and Fe K edges, Fe Mössbauer, and P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The crystal structure of this newly obtained phase is similar to that of Na(VO)(PO)F, with a random distribution of Fe ions over vanadium sites.

Aluminum substitution for vanadium in the NaV(PO)F and NaV(PO)FO type materials.

Among the positive electrode materials for Na-ion batteries, Na3V2(PO4)2F3 is considered as one of the most promising and generates high interest. Here, we study the influence of the sol-gel synthesis parameters on the structure and on the electrochemical signature of the partially substituted Na3V2-zAlz(PO4)2(F,O)3 materials. We demonstrate that the acidity of the starting solution influences the vanadium oxidation state of the final product.

Predominance of the heterozygous CCR5 delta-24 deletion in African individuals resistant to HIV infection might be related to a defect in CCR5 addressing at the cell surface.

Introduction: The chemokine receptor CCR5 is the main co-receptor for R5-tropic HIV-1 variants. We have previously described a novel 24-base pair deletion in the coding region of CCR5 among individuals from Rwanda. Here, we investigated the prevalence of hCCR5Δ24 in different cohorts and its impact on CCR5 expression and HIV-1 infection in vitro.

FHR4-based immunoconjugates direct complement-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis towards HER2-positive cancer cells.

Directing selective complement activation towards tumour cells is an attractive strategy to promote their elimination. In the present work, we have generated heteromultimeric immunoconjugates that selectively activate the complement alternative pathway (AP) on tumour cells. We used the C4b-binding protein C-terminal-α-/β-chain scaffold for multimerisation to generate heteromultimeric immunoconjugates displaying (a) a multivalent-positive regulator of the AP, the human factor H-related protein 4 (FHR4) with; (b) a multivalent targeting function directed against erbB2 (HER2); and (c) a monovalent enhanced GFP tracking function.

A High Voltage Cathode Material for Sodium Batteries: NaV(PO).

A novel layered NaV(PO) compound was synthesized and studied as a positive electrode material for Na-ion batteries for the first time. The as-prepared material exhibits two relatively high voltage plateaus at around 3.6 and 4.

Atomic-Scale Influence of Grain Boundaries on Li-Ion Conduction in Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Batteries.

Solid electrolytes are generating considerable interest for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries to address safety and performance issues. Grain boundaries have a significant influence on solid electrolytes and are key hurdles that must be overcome for their successful application. However, grain boundary effects on ionic transport are not fully understood, especially at the atomic scale.

Crystal Structure and Lithium Diffusion Pathways of a Potential Positive Electrode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries: LiV(HPO).

A new potentially interesting material as a positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries, LiV(HPO), was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Its crystal structure was solved thanks to single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This material is isostructural to LiFe(PO)(HPO) and also closely related to LiFe(SO).

Enhancing the Lithium Ion Conductivity in Lithium Superionic Conductor (LISICON) Solid Electrolytes through a Mixed Polyanion Effect.

Lithium superionic conductor (LISICON)-related compositions LiSiXO (X = P, Al, or Ge) are important materials that have been identified as potential solid electrolytes for all solid state batteries. Here, we show that the room temperature lithium ion conductivity can be improved by several orders of magnitude through substitution on Si sites. We apply a combined computer simulation and experimental approach to a wide range of compositions (LiSiO, LiSiPO, LiSiAlO, LiAlSiPO, and LiAlSiGePO) which include new doped materials.

Phone-based safety monitoring of the first year of baclofen treatment for alcohol use disorder: the BACLOPHONE cohort study protocol.

Background: In France, baclofen is frequently used off-label for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Baclofen has been associated with diverse adverse events (AEs), but the causality of these AEs has never been properly assessed.

Methods/design: BACLOPHONE is a prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in the Hauts-de-France and Normandie French regions.

The Envelope Cytoplasmic Tail of HIV-1 Subtype C Contributes to Poor Replication Capacity through Low Viral Infectivity and Cell-to-Cell Transmission.

The cytoplasmic tail (gp41CT) of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) mediates Env incorporation into virions and regulates Env intracellular trafficking. Little is known about the functional impact of variability in this domain. To address this issue, we compared the replication of recombinant virus pairs carrying the full Env (Env viruses) or the Env ectodomain fused to the gp41CT of NL4.

Spinel materials for Li-ion batteries: new insights obtained by operando neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction.

In the last few decades Li-ion batteries changed the way we store energy, becoming a key element of our everyday life. Their continuous improvement is tightly bound to the understanding of lithium (de)intercalation phenomena in electrode materials. Here we address the use of operando diffraction techniques to understand these mechanisms.

Structural and Mechanistic Insights into Fast Lithium-Ion Conduction in Li4SiO4-Li3PO4 Solid Electrolytes.

Solid electrolytes that are chemically stable and have a high ionic conductivity would dramatically enhance the safety and operating lifespan of rechargeable lithium batteries. Here, we apply a multi-technique approach to the Li-ion conducting system (1-z)Li4SiO4-(z)Li3PO4 with the aim of developing a solid electrolyte with enhanced ionic conductivity. Previously unidentified superstructure and immiscibility features in high-purity samples are characterized by X-ray and neutron diffraction across a range of compositions (z = 0.