EGF Receptor Transactivation by Endothelin-1 Increased CHSY-1 Mediated by NADPH Oxidase and Phosphorylation of ERK1/2.

Objective: Growth factors [transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), endothelin-1 (ET1)] stimulate proteoglycan synthesis resulting in retention and accumulation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in vessel intima and leading to atherosclerosis development. This study investigated the role of ET-1 on the expression of CHSY1, proteoglycan synthesizing enzyme, through both EGF and TGF-β receptor transactivation in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Also, we explored the involvement of NADPH oxidase (NOX), an important intermediate of redox signaling, in ET-1 transactivated EGF receptor (EGFR) through endothelin receptors.

Decreased lipoprotein (a) and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in male patients with atherosclerosis after supplementation with ginger: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although the antioxidant properties of ginger have been revealed, there is little available information on the effectiveness of ginger on inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis. This study was carried out to examine the effect of ginger on improving the complication of atherosclerosis.

Methods: This study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial conducted on patients with atherosclerosis.

Endothelin-1 increases CHSY-1 expression in aortic endothelial cells via transactivation of transforming growth factor β type I receptor induced by type B receptor endothelin-1.

Objectives: TGF-β through hyperelongation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains leads to binding of low-density lipoproteins to the proteoglycans. The vasoactive peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1), plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. This study addressed the question whether ET-1 by activating the Rho kinase and cytoskeletal rearrangement can transactivate the TGF-β receptor leading to phosphorylation of the transcription factor Smad2 and increased expression of the GAG chain synthesizing enzyme such as chondroitin synthase-1 (CHSY-1) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs).