Simultaneous formulation of influenza vaccine and chitosan nanoparticles within CpG oligodesoxi nucleotides leads to dose-sparing and protects against lethal challenge in the mouse model.

Lack of efficient delivery systems for transporting antigenic molecules to the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells presents a major obstacle for antigen uptake by immune cells. To this end, influenza whole inactivated virus vaccines were formulated with chitosan nanoparticles and CpG oligonucleotide as a biodegradable delivery system and a Th1-specific adjuvant, respectively. Intradermal injections of a single high dose and low dose of formulated candidate vaccines were carried out.

Preparation, characterization and immunological evaluation of alginate nanoparticles loaded with whole inactivated influenza virus: Dry powder formulation for nasal immunization in rabbits.

It has become important to explore more efficient and feasible influenza vaccines, since epidemics of influenza virus cause hundreds of thousands of deaths all around the world. Improving immunogenicity of parentral influenza vaccines has given rise to mucosal delivery routes. In this study, alginate nanoparticles (NPs) were efficiently synthetized by ionic gelation method and influenza virus and CpG ODN or Quillaja Saponin (QS) adjuvants were actively incorporated into alginate NPs.

The role of LPD-nanoparticles containing recombinant major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania (rgp63) in protection against leishmaniasis in murine model.

Context: Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem. Despite numerous attempts, yet there is no effective vaccine against human leishmaniasis, mainly due to a lack of an effective vaccine delivery system as well as adjuvant.

Objective(s): The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of recombinant glycoprotein 63 (rgp63) as a model of Leishmania antigen, entrapped in liposome-polycation-DNA (LPD) complexes nanoparticles in inducing cell mediated immune (CMI) response and protecting against L.

Inhibiting influenza virus replication and inducing protection against lethal influenza virus challenge through chitosan nanoparticles loaded by siRNA.

Influenza virus causes a highly contagious viral respiratory tract infection with potentially fatal outcomes in humans and animals. There is now widespread influenza virus resistance to commercial drugs due to the genetic diversity of virus. Therefore, new therapeutic formulation needs to be developed.

A novel chimeric influenza virosome containing Vesicular stomatitis G protein as a more efficient gene delivery system.

Objectives: To enhance the efficiency of influenza virosome-mediated gene delivery by engineering this virosome.

Results: A novel chimeric influenza virosome was constructed containing the glycoprotein of Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G), along with its own hemagglutinin protein. To optimize the transfection efficiency of both chimeric and influenza cationic virosomes, HEK cells were transfected with plasmid DNA and virosomes and the transfection efficiency was assessed by FACS analysis.

Introduction of cationic virosome derived from vesicular stomatitis virus as a novel gene delivery system for sf9 cells.

Insect-derived cell lines are used extensively to produce recombinant proteins because they are capable of performing a range of post-translational modifications. Due to their significance in biotechnological applications, various methods have been developed to transfect them. In this study, we introduce a virosome constructed from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as a new delivery system for sf9 cells.

Comparison between MDCK and MDCK-SIAT1 cell lines as preferred host for cell culture-based influenza vaccine production.

Objectives: To evaluate MDCK and MDCK-SIAT1 cell lines for their ability to produce the yield of influenza virus in different Multiplicities of Infection.

Results: Yields obtained for influenza virus H1N1 grown in MDCK-SIAT1 cell was almost the same as MDCK; however, H3N2 virus grown in MDCK-SIAT1 had lower viral titers in comparison with MDCK cells. The optimized MOIs to infect the cells on plates and microcarrier were selected 0.

Suppressive Effects of Chronic Stress on Influenza Virus Protection after Vaccination with Plasmid DNA-Encoded Nucleoprotein.

Background: Influenza is a highly infectious and acute respiratory disease caused by an infection of the host respiratory tract mucosa by the influenza virus. The use of DNA vaccines that express conserved genes such as nucleoprotein (NP) represents a new method of vaccination against influenza. In this study, the effect of chronic stress on the efficiency of this type of vaccine has been evaluated in a mouse model.

In Vitro Evaluation of Influenza M2 and Leishmania major HSP70 (221-604) Chimer Protein.

Background: Permanent antigenic variation of influenza viruses causes a major concern to develop an effective human influenza vaccine. Conserved antigens are new vaccine candidates because it is not necessary to match the prepared vaccine with circulating strains. Ion channel M2 protein is conserved among all influenza A viruses, allowing the virus to enter host cells.

Rabbit nasal immunization against influenza by dry-powder form of chitosan nanospheres encapsulated with influenza whole virus and adjuvants.

Influenza virus is one of the main causes of respiratory diseases in human. Although different vaccines have been produced during past decades, there is still a huge demand for a safe influenza vaccine with the ability to induce mucosal immune responses and sufficient protection, especially in elderly patients. In this study, chitosan nanospheres were employed as the drug delivery system.

An H1-H3 chimeric influenza virosome confers complete protection against lethal challenge with PR8 (H1N1) and X47 (H3N2) viruses in mice.

Annual health threats and economic damages caused by influenza virus are still a main concern of the World Health Organization and other health departments all over the world. An influenza virosome is a highly efficient immunomodulating carrier mimicking the natural antigen presentation pathway and has shown an excellent tolerability profile due to its biocompatibility and purity. The major purpose of this study was to construct a new chimeric virosome influenza vaccine containing hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins derived from the A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR8) and A/X/47 (H3N2) (X47) viruses, and to evaluate its efficacy as a vaccine candidate in mice.

Determining influenza virus shedding at different time points in madin-darby canine kidney cell line.

Objective: Monitoring of influenza virus shedding and optimization of multiplicities of infection (MOI) is important in the investigation of a virus one step growth cycle and for obtaining a high yield of virus in vaccine development and conventional basic diagnostic methods. However, eluted infectious viruses may still be present immediately after virus inoculation and when cells are washed following virus cultivation which may lead to a false positive virus infectivity assay.

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, we investigated influenza virus progeny production in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells with five different MOI at determined time points.

Reconstruction of H3N2 influenza virus based virosome in-vitro.

Background And Objectives: Virosomes are Virus Like Particles (VLP) assembled in-vitro. Influenza virosomes maintain the cell binding and membrane fusion activity of the wild type virus but are devoid of viral genetic material or internal proteins. Influenza virosomes mimic the natural antigen presentation route of the influenza virus.

The role of liposome size on the type of immune response induced in BALB/c mice against leishmaniasis: rgp63 as a model antigen.

To develop an efficient liposomal vaccine delivery system, the size of liposomes is critical to their adjuvant activities. In the present study, liposomes with different sizes (100, 400, 1000 nm) containing recombinant major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania (rgp63) were prepared, characterized, and inoculated subcutaneously into BALB/c mice to evaluate the rate of protection and the type of immune response generated against leishmaniasis. The lowest footpad lesion size and splenic parasite burden were seen in the mice immunized with large size (≥400 nm) liposomes after challenge with Leishmania major.

Influenza virosome/DNA vaccine complex as a new formulation to induce intra-subtypic protection against influenza virus challenge.

Influenza virosome is one of the commercially available vaccines that have been used for a number of years. Like other influenza vaccines, the efficacy of the virosomal vaccine is significantly compromised when circulating viruses do not have a good match with vaccine strains due to antigenic drift or less frequent emergence of a pandemic virus. A major advantage of virosome over other influenza vaccine platforms is its intrinsic adjuvant activity and potential carrier capability which have been exploited in this study to broaden vaccine protectivity by incorporating a conserved component of influenza virus in seasonal vaccine formulation.

Attenuation of influenza virus infectivity with herbal-marine compound (HESA-A): an in vitro study in MDCK cells.

Background: The influenza virus is still one of the most important respiratory risks affecting humans which require effective treatments. In this case, traditional medications are of interest. HESA-A is an active natural biological compound from herbal-marine origin.

Anti-influenza Activity of a Novel Polyoxometalate Derivative (POM-4960).

There are many effective chemotherapeutic agents used in influenza disease which some of them inhibit virus replication by interfering with FluV (influenza virus) viral binding or its penetration into cell membrane. A series of polyoxometalates compounds such as POM-523 and PM-504 have been synthesized and have showed inhibitory effects on viruses. In this study we examined anti influenza activity of a novel polyoxometalate derivative (POM-4960) synthesized in the Faculty of Chemistry of Damghan University of Basic Sciences.

Expression of the influenza M2 protein in three different eukaryotic cell lines.

Current influenza virus vaccines provide protection in part by antibodies induced to the two surface glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase. As a result of the continuous antigenic drift of these glycoproteins, a frequent update of the composition of influenza vaccines is required. The search for more conserved viral epitopes which would induce protective immunity against seasonal influenza viruses and eventually also to novel pandemic influenza viruses has a long history.

Phylogenetic Comparison of Influenza Virus Isolates from Three Medical Centers in Tehran with the Vaccine Strains during 2008-2009.

Background: Influenza virus is a major infectious pathogen of the respiratory system causing a high degree of morbidity and mortality annually. The worldwide vaccines are decided and produced annually by World Health Organization and licensed companies based on the samples collected from all over the world. The aim of this study was to determine phylogenecity and heterogenecity of the circulating influenza isolates during 2008-2009 outbreaks in Tehran, compare them with the vaccine strains that were recommended by WHO for the same period.

Influenza virus hemagglutinin: a model for protein N-glycosylation in recombinant Escherichia coli.

Background: The hemagglutinin molecule of influenza virus is considered as an ideal model to study biological processes as well as the effect of glycosylation on the function of glycoproteins.

Objectives: The large subunit of the influenza virus A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) hemagglutinin (HA1) was expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli containing the glycosylation system of Campylobacter jejuni. This viral glycoprotein contains glycosylation motifs recognized by prokaryotic and eukaryotic oligosaccharyltransferases.

Enhancement of immune response and protection in BALB/c mice immunized with liposomal recombinant major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania (rgp63): the role of bilayer composition.

Development of new generation vaccines requires adjuvants to elicit the type and intensity of immune response needed for protection. Liposomes have been shown to be an effective adjuvant formulation. In this study, the role of liposome bilayer composition with different phase transition temperature (T(c)) to induce a T helper 1 (Th1) type of immune response and protection against leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice was assessed.

The role of liposome charge on immune response generated in BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania (rgp63).

Liposomes as a lipid-based system have been shown to be an effective adjuvant formulation. In this study, the role of liposome charge in induction of a Th1 type of immune response and protection against leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice was studied. Liposomes containing rgp63 were prepared by Dehydration-Rehydration Vesicle (DRV) method.

The role of CpG ODN in enhancement of immune response and protection in BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania (rgp63) encapsulated in cationic liposome.

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) are known to be a potent immunoadjuvant for a wide range of antigens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CpG ODN co-encapsulated with rgp63 antigen in cationic liposomes (Lip-rgp63-CpG ODN) in immune response enhancement and protection in BALB/c mice against leishmaniasis. Lip-rgp63-CpG ODN prepared by using dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method significantly inhibited (P<0.

Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of human influenza virus among Iranian patients in Shiraz, Iran.

Influenza is a viral respiratory pathogen responsible for frequent seasonal epidemics. There are currently three major human influenza viruses in global circulation namely A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B. The objective of this study was to determine the human influenza virus genotypes in Shiraz, the capital of the Fars province of Iran.

Immune response and protection assay of recombinant major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania (rgp63) reconstituted with liposomes in BALB/c mice.

In this study the ability of recombinant gp63 entrapped in liposomes to induce immune response and protection against L. major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice was studied. Liposomes containing rgp63 (Lip-rgp63) were prepared from egg lecithin and cholesterol using detergent solubilization method.