MDMA related neuro-inflammation and adenosine receptors.

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a world-wide abused psychostimulant, which has the neurotoxic effects on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in both rodents and non-human primates. Adenosine acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain through the activation of four specific G-protein-coupled receptors and it acts as a neuromodulator of dopamine neurotransmission. Recent studies suggest that stimulation of adenosine receptors oppose many behavioral effects of methamphetamines.

Protective impact of against neural damage in a rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure.

Objective: Based on the previously-declared anticonvulsant properties of (), this study explored the probable effects of on neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of a rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure.

Materials And Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were randomely divided into control (n=8) and experimental (n=32) groups which underwent PTZ injection. A one-week pre-medication with 50 (PTZ-Ext 50) (n=8), 100 (PTZ-Ext 100) (n=8), and 200 (PTZ-Ext 200) (n=8) mg/kg of hydro-alcoholic extract of was performed while one experimental group (PTZ-induced group) (n=8) received only saline during the week before PTZ injection.

Vitamin C prevents hypothyroidism associated neuronal damage in the hippocampus of neonatal and juvenile rats: A stereological study.

Hypothyroidism causes an imbalance in antioxidant and pro-oxidants criteria in the brain and enhances the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and neuronal damage has been observed following an excessive ROS. The main purpose of this study was to examine the preventive effect of vitamin C on hypothyroidism associated neuronal damage in the hippocampus of neonatal and juvenile rats. Pregnant rats after delivery of their pups were randomly divided into four groups and treated with (1) normal drinking water as a control group, (2) Propylthiouracil (PTU) 0.

Effects of MDMA (ecstasy) on apoptosis and heat shock protein (HSP70) expression in adult rat testis.

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy) on apoptosis and heat shock protein expression in adult rat testis.

Methods: Twenty male rats were divided into four groups, two experimental groups (1 and 2), sham control and control. For 16 consecutive days, the experimental groups 1 and 2 were received 5 and 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) injection of ecstasy, respectively, and in the sham control group, the only saline was injected.

Neuroprotective effects of Nigella sativa extract upon the hippocampus in PTU-induced hypothyroidism juvenile rats: A stereological study.

This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective effects of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) in the hippocampus of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rats during neonatal and juvenile growth. Twenty- five pregnant rats from early gestation (GD 0) were divided into five groups: (1) control (received drinking water), (2) PTU (received 0.

Preventive effect of on neuronal damages in pentylentetrazole-induced seizure in rats.

Objective: () as a medicinal plant has been pointed to have analgesic, hypnotic and anti-oxidant effects. In the current study, a possible preventive effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of the plant on neuronal damages was examined in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) rat model of seizure.

Materials And Methods: Forty male rats were divided into five main groups and treated by (1) saline, (2) PTZ: 100 mg/kg PTZ (i.

The effects of Nigella sativa on neural damage after pentylenetetrazole induced seizures in rats.

Nigella sativa (NS) has been suggested to have neuroprotective and anti-seizures properties. The aim of current study was to investigate the effects of NS hydro-alcoholic extract on neural damage after pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) - induced repeated seizures. The rats were divided into five groups: (1) control (saline), (2) PTZ (50 mg/kg, i.

Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of Rosa damascena hydro-alcoholic extract on rat hippocampus.

Objective: Previously, analgesic, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant effects have been suggested for Rosa damascena (R. damascena). In the present study, possible anti-seizure and neuro-protective effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of R.

The Effects of Nigella Sativa Hydro-alcoholic Extract on Memory and Brain Tissues Oxidative Damage after Repeated Seizures in Rats.

Regarding the therapeutic properties of Nigella sativa (NS), the effects of the plant hydro - alcoholic extract on learning, memory and brain tissues oxidative damage were investigated in penthylenetetrazole (PTZ) - induced repeated seizures. There were 4 experimental groups including: 1- control group; received saline, 2- PTZ group ; received saline and PTZ (50 mg/Kg, i.p) , 3-PTZ- NS 200 and 4- PTZ- NS 400 ; received 200 and 400 mg/Kg of NS extract respectively, before PTZ injection in 5 consecutive days.

Neuronal cell reconstruction with umbilical cord blood cells in the brain hypoxia-ischemia.

Background: Brain hypoxia-ischemia is a human neonatal injury that is considered a candidate for stem cell therapy.

Methods: The possible therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) stem cells was evaluated in 14-day-old rats subjected to the right common carotid occlusion, a model of neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia. Seven days after hypoxia-ischemia, rats received either saline solution or 4 × 105 HUCB cells i.

Therapeutic benefit of intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood- mononuclear cells following intracerebral hemorrhage in rat.

Objectives: Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) is now considered as a valuable source for stem cell-based therapies. Previous studies showed that intravascular injection of the HUCB significantly improves neurological functional recovery in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In the present study, we hypothesize transplanted HUCB derived mononuclear cells (UC-MCs) can decrease injured volume and also ameliorate neurological function in ICH rats.

Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood-mononuclear cells dose-dependently relieve neurologic deficits in rat intracerebral hemorrhage model.

Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) is now considered as a valuable source for stem cell-based therapies. Previous studies showed that intravascular injection of the HUCB significantly improves neurological functional recovery in a model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). To extend these findings, we examined the behavioral recovery and injured volume in the presence of increasing doses of human umbilical cord blood derived mononuclear cells (HUC-MCs) after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.