The relationship between menstrual disorders and education in women with intractable epilepsy.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between menstrual disorders and education in women with intractable epilepsy.

Method: This was a descriptive-analytical study. Statistical population consisted of all female patients with intractable epilepsy in 15-45 age group who visited the third department of epilepsy in Ayatollah Kashani Hospital.

Rituximab and glatiramer acetate in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Treatment options for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) are limitedly investigated. We aimed to compare the efficacy of rituximab (RTX) and glatiramer acetate (GA) in SPMS patients.

Method: This open, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 84 SPMS patients, assigned to receive RTX or GA for 12 months.

Effects of fingolimod treatments on alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder with no known cause or cure. Fingolimod (FTY720) is an oral medication recently approved for the treatment of MS as well as other diseases with autoimmune aspects. However, the drug is not without side effects.

Alcohol and multiple sclerosis: an immune system-based review.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the exact etiology of multiple sclerosis is unknown, researchers suggest that genetic, environmental, and microbial factors play a central role in causing multiple sclerosis. Pathology of multiple sclerosis is based on inflammation as T cells enter the brain via disruptions in the blood-brain barrier, recognizing myelin as foreign antigen; and as a result, the T cells attack myelin and start the inflammatory processes, enhancing inflammatory cytokines and antibodies.

Oropharyngeal Irrigation to Prevent Ventilator-Associated-Pneumonia: Comparing Potassium Permangenate with Chlorhexidine.

Background: Pneumonia is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections among bedridden patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Colonization of mouth and pharynx by pathogenic bacteria and their aspiration into the lower respiratory tract is an important step in pathogenesis of hospital-acquired pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of chlorhexidine and potassium permanganate mouthwashes in preventing incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in the ICU.