The prevalence of substance use among drivers with traffic injuries in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran.

Background: Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are one of the main causes of mortality in developing countries. Although the association between alcohol and the risk of MVA has been known for a long time, only a few studies have been conducted on driving following substance consumption in a short period of time. This is while narcotic and stimulant use seems to be a threat to traffic safety and a serious health concern for substance users.

Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (rs731236) and aggrecan gene VNTR polymorphism with the risk of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.

Background: Low back pain is one of the most common causes of referral to physicians. Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is the main cause of back pain in different countries. It seems that genetic factors are more effective than environmental factors in the developing of degenerative phenomena.

Anterior cervical spine surgery opens up concerns about thyroid function.

Background And Objectives: The anterior approach for cervical discectomy and fixation is a valuable procedure for decompression of the spinal cord in patients with severe canal stenosis and stabilization of cervical vertebral column. Although some studies have investigated the thyroid complications especially in cervical cancer surgery or recently in tracheostomy, little research has been performed on the anterior spine surgery so far. The present study aimed to evaluate possible changes in the thyroid in patients experiencing anterior cervical approaches for degenerative diseases.

Obtaining informed consent from patients hospitalized in the surgical wards as a major legal challenge.

Background And Objectives: Informed consent (IC) is the process of establishing communication between the physician and the patient or an alternative decision that leads to the agreement or rejection of the patient and/or their legal representative to perform specific medical procedures. In this study, we evaluated the level of awareness and patient participation in IC in the surgical wards of the general hospital in northern Iran in the 2019-2020 years.

Patients And Methods: This study is cross-sectional research that was performed during the 2019-2020 years.

Effectiveness of Pistacia atlantica on older adult knee osteoarthritis, a randomized triple blind clinical trial.

Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of disability and aging is the major risk factor. One of the low-risk herbal medicines for reducing pain and inflammation in persian medicine is Pistacia atlantica gum. A triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in order to evaluate the efficacy of P.

The Short Term Effects of Shock-Wave Therapy for Tennis Elbow: a Clinical Trial Study.

Background: Tennis elbow is one of the most often diagnosed pathology of the upper extremity and different treatments have been suggested for this disease, so this study was to investigate the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in Tennis elbow treatment.

Materials And Methods: We design a before and after clinical trial study (registry number: IRCT2012072610405N1) and investigated 40 patients with tennis elbow disease. All patients received 2000 pulses extracorporeal shock wave by piezoelectric device (WOLF Company) daily for one-week.

A Monte Carlo study for optimizing the detector of SPECT imaging using a XCAT human phantom.

Background: Acquiring a high quality image has assigned an important concern for obtaining accurate diagnosis in nuclear medicine. Detector is a critical component of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging system for giving accurate information from exact pattern of radionuclide distribution in the target organ. The images are strongly affected by the attenuation, scattering, and response of the detector.

Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of Shoulder: An Extremely Rare Case.

Introduction: Extraskeletal chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare, aggressive neoplasm which has been seen in the soft tissue area. This soft tissue sarcoma is classified to myxoid and mesenchymal based on histologic criteria. The mesenchymal subtype has a poor prognosis.

Knee Laxity Variations in the Menstrual Cycle in Female Athletes Referred to the Orthopedic Clinic.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is the biggest concern for orthopedic surgeons who are involved in sports injuries, so most of ACL reconstruction surgeries are sports related. ACL injuries in female athletes are 2 - 8 times more common than male athletes in similar sport injuries.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare knee laxity changes in the menstrual cycle in female athletes referred to the orthopedic clinic of Imam Khomeini hospital in the north of Iran, Sari, 2013.

A Comparison of Hand Pain and Hand Function after Z-plasty Reconstruction of the Transverse Carpal Ligament with Traditional Median Neurolysis in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common focal mono-neuropathy. A study was designed to compare the effects of traditional open carpal tunnel release with median neurolysis and Z-plasty reconstruction of the transverse carpal ligament on post-operative hand pain and hand function in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome.

Methods: Fifty-two patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome entered the study.

Success Rate and Complications of Comminuted Intra-Articular Distal Radius Fracture Treatment via Closed Reduction and Use of a Mini-External Fixator.

Background: Intra-articular fracture of the distal radius is extremely common; however, the management of this fracture is controversial.

Objectives: With regard to the importance of intra-articular fracture of the distal radius and the best treatment method for the fracture, we sought to assess the success rate following the treatment of comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal radius via closed reduction and use of a mini-external fixator.

Patients And Methods: This longitudinal retrospective study was undertaken at our department of orthopedics via assessment of radiographs and patient files of those referred from 2006 to 2013.

A Survey of Severity and Distribution of Musculoskeletal Pain in Multiple Sclerosis Patients; a Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Pain, a common phenomenon in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, is associated with many symptoms and problems.

Aim: To investigation severity and distribution of musculoskeletal pain in MS patients.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 115 members of the Mazandaran MS Association with confirmed MS were randomly selected to participate in the study.

Comparison of surgical complications of intertrochanteric hip fractures between non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic patients.

Objective: To determine the role of bone quality in post-treatment complications among patients of intertrochanteric fracture.

Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 61 patients who presented with intertrochanteric hip fractures to two affiliated hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran between February 2009 and December 2010. All the patients went through open reduction and internal fixation using 4-hole dynamic hip screw.

Anterior shoulder dislocation and ipsilateral humeral shaft fracture.

Simultaneous dislocation of shoulder and humeral shaft fracture is a rare injury, and there is no clear protocol for its treatment. Herein we present a case of a 15-year-old boy, who suffered from a job-related accident and sustained fracture of humeral shaft associated with ipsilateral anterior shoulder dislocation and fracture of greater tuberosity 15 years ago. He received closed reduction of both injuries and coaptation plaster splint for four weeks, followed by Sarmiento splint at that time.

Complete spontaneous improvement of non-displaced femoral neck fracture without any surgery modality.

Background: Fracture of the femoral neck is still a medical dilemma due to high rates of complications and the choice of treatment. Although rigid internal fixation with cannulated screws through open or percutaneous approaches is the traditional treatment for undisplaced fractures (Garden type I and II) to avoid secondary displacement, considerable controversy still exists regarding the rate of this problem, thus it seems that a new trend in conservative management of this types of femoral neck fracture is emerging.

Case Report: Our case is a 46-year-old woman with Garden type II femoral neck fracture, who refused all surgical options and willingly ignored her problem.

Kienbock's Disease in a Child.

Kienbock's disease, which is an idiopathic osteonecrosis and collapse of the lunate bone, is an uncommon disease in children. This report describes a case of an 11-year-old girl, who presented with avascular necrosis of lunate bone confirmed by radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging evidence. After a short period of casting, the case was fully recovered within one year.

Low back pain in 1,100 Iranian pregnant women: prevalence and risk factors.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common and costly problem in pregnancy. It is one of the main reasons for disability, absence from work, and responsible for huge direct and indirect economical impact.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of LBP during pregnancy.

Surgical intervention for treatment of septic arthritis in infancy and childhood; a retrospective study.

Septic arthritis is a fearful condition because of its mortality and the potentially late sequels on immature skeleton including limb shortening, osteomyelitis, destruction of joint surface, severe limitation of motion, and dislocation.This study was performed to reveal the final outcome of our patients and find out the possible risk factors of poor result. The case records of 243 children who were admitted with the diagnosis of septic arthritis in Imam Khomeini and Bu Ali Sina Hospitals, Mazandaran Province, were studied between 1996 and 2005.

Nonspecific low back pain in 5000 Iranian school-age children.

Low back pain (LBP) is common in adult population, and it is becoming a serious health concern in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of nonspecific LBP and associated risk factors in school-age children. After ethical approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 5000 randomly recruited secondary schoolchildren aged 11-14 years in the north of Iran.

The effect of Benson Relaxation Technique on rheumatoid arthritis patients: extended report.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease and has the highest rate of prevalence among rheumatic inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Benson Relaxation Technique (BRT) combined with medication on disease activity in patients with RA. Following ethical approval, 50 consecutive matched patients were selected and allocated into two groups, either an experimental or a control group.