Hemodynamic Responses to Tracheal Intubation in Elderly Patients: Intravenous or Spray of Lidocaine versus Fentanyl.

Introduction: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are known to increase sympathetic activity that may be detrimental to patients with preexisting ischaemic or hypertensive heart disease.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare of intravenous and oropharyngeal spray of lidocaine and high dose of fentanyl on systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate of patients over 65 years during tracheal intubation.

Material And Methods: In this clinical trial, 160 patients over 65 yrs who were randomly divided into five groups of 32 patients.