Gut microbiota in neurological diseases: Melatonin plays an important regulatory role.

Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule produced in the human pineal gland as a hormone. It is known for its essential biological effects, such as antioxidant activity, circadian rhythm regulator, and immunomodulatory effects. The gut is one of the primary known sources of melatonin.

Determination of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin Residues in Five Different Kinds of Chicken Tissues by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with HPLC.

Contamination of food producing animals by veterinary drug residues, particularly quinolones, is an essential issue in food safety that causes increasing concern in consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of enrofloxacin and its main metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in chicken tissue samples slaughtered in Tabriz, Iran. Totally 250 samples including liver, muscle, gizzard, heart, and skin were studied.

Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for HPLC-UV Determination of PAHs in Milk.

A simple and rapid analytical method for the extraction and quantification of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk sample has been developed using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by the use of HPLC. Benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene were used as model compounds; the milk sample was spiked with these compounds to assess the extraction procedure. Experimental parameters that influence the extraction efficiency, including the nature and volume of the disperser and extraction solvents, pH, and the volume of milk sample, were optimized.

Optimized Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method and High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection for Simultaneous Determination of Sorbic and Benzoic Acids and Evaluation of Contamination of These Preservatives in Iranian Foods.

A rapid, simple, and sensitive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure followed by HPLC-UV was applied to determine the benzoate and sorbate in foods. The method was optimized for some variables including extraction solvent type and volume, dispersing solvent type and volume, and the effects of salt and pH. Optimum conditions were determined as follows: sample volume, 5 mL; extraction solvent (chloroform) volume, 250 μL; disperser solvent (acetone) volume, 1.

Benzoic and sorbic acid in soft drink, milk, ketchup sauce and bread by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC.

Benzoic acid and sorbic acid are widely used for food preservation. These preservatives are generally recognised as safe. The aim of this study was to determine the level of benzoic and sorbic acid in food samples that are usually consumed in Iran.

Single dose bioequivalence study of alpha-methyldopa tablet formulations using a modified HPLC method.

Background And Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the bioavailability of a new methyldopa (CAS 555-30-6) tablet formulation with that of a reference formulation in 12 healthy male subjects using a modified HPLC method.

Methods: The study was designed as an open label, single-dose, randomized study with a cross-over design. Under fasting conditions, each subject received one 250-mg tablet orally as a single dose of a test or reference formulation on two treatment days.

Intracerebroventricular administration of riluzole prevents morphine-induced apoptosis in the lumbar region of the rat spinal cord.

Opiates are the most effective drugs for pain relief. However, the repeated use of opiates induces tolerance to their analgesic effects. It has been shown that this morphine-induced tolerance is associated with apoptosis in the central nervous system.

Development of a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of glucosamine in pharmaceutical formulations.

A column high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of glucosamine in dosage forms. Glucosamine was derivatized by addition of a solution containing orthophthaldialdehyde. The HPLC separation was achieved on a Spherimage 80 ODS2 column (250 x 4 mm id, 5 microm particle size) using an isocratic mobile phase containing phosphate buffer-methanol (90 + 10, v/v, pH 6.

Preparation of glucosamine from exoskeleton of shrimp and predicting production yield by response surface methodology.

Chitin was prepared from Persian Gulf shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros), and then, the obtained chitin was hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid solutions. The production yield of glucosamine hydrochloride from chitin was optimized, and the effect of three factors (acid concentration, acid to chitin ratio, and reaction time) was investigated. A Box-Behnken design by Minitab software created 12 reactions with different conditions.